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PBMT and topical diclofenac as single and combined treatment on skeletal muscle injury in diabetic rats: effects on biochemical and functional aspects.

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Title: PBMT and topical diclofenac as single and combined treatment on skeletal muscle injury in diabetic rats: effects on biochemical and functional aspects.
Authors: dos Santos, Ligiane Souza1, Saltorato, Joyce Camilla1, Monte, Marina Gaiato2, Marcos, Rodrigo Labat3, Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão4, Tomazoni, Shaiane Silva5, Leal-Junior, Ernesto Cesar Pinto6,7, de Paiva Carvalho, Rodrigo Leal8 castorcarvalho@hotmail.com
Source: Lasers in Medical Science. Mar2019, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p255-262. 8p.
Subjects: Skeletal muscle injuries, Animals, Combined modality therapy, Diabetes, Diclofenac, Genes, Rats, Cutaneous therapeutics, Skeletal muscle, Dinoprostone, Therapeutics
Abstract: Physical exercise generates several benefits in a short time in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, it can increase the chances of muscle damage, a serious problem for diabetic patients. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat these injuries, despite the serious adverse effects. In this way, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and/or light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) can be used as an alternative in this case. However, its efficacy in tissue repair of trauma injuries in diabetes mellitus until now is unknown, as well as the combination between PBMT and NSAIDs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NSAIDs and PBMT applied alone or combined on functional and biochemical aspects, in an experimental model of muscle injury through controlled trauma in diabetic rats. Muscle injury was induced by means of a single trauma to the animals' anterior tibialis muscle. After 1 h, the rats were treated with PBMT (830 nm; continuous mode, with a power output of 100 mW; 3.57 W/cm2; 3 J; 107.1 J/cm2, 30 s), diclofenac sodium for topical use (1 g), or combination of them. Our results demonstrated that PBMT + diclofenac, and PBMT alone reduced the gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at all assessed times as compared to the injury and diclofenac groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). The diclofenac alone showed reduced levels of COX-2 only in relation to the injury group (p < 0.05). Prostaglandin E2 levels in blood plasma demonstrated similar results to COX2. In addition, we observed that PBMT + diclofenac and PBMT alone showed significant improvement compared with injury and diclofenac groups in functional analysis at all time points. The results indicate that PBMT alone or in combination with diclofenac reduces levels of inflammatory markers and improves gait of diabetic rats in the acute phase of muscle injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: PBMT and topical diclofenac as single and combined treatment on skeletal muscle injury in diabetic rats: effects on biochemical and functional aspects.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22dos+Santos%2C+Ligiane+Souza%22&quot;&gt;dos Santos, Ligiane Souza&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Saltorato%2C+Joyce+Camilla%22&quot;&gt;Saltorato, Joyce Camilla&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Monte%2C+Marina+Gaiato%22&quot;&gt;Monte, Marina Gaiato&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Marcos%2C+Rodrigo+Labat%22&quot;&gt;Marcos, Rodrigo Labat&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Lopes-Martins%2C+Rodrigo+&#193;lvaro+Brand&#227;o%22&quot;&gt;Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo &#193;lvaro Brand&#227;o&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Tomazoni%2C+Shaiane+Silva%22&quot;&gt;Tomazoni, Shaiane Silva&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Leal-Junior%2C+Ernesto+Cesar+Pinto%22&quot;&gt;Leal-Junior, Ernesto Cesar Pinto&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;6,7&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22de+Paiva+Carvalho%2C+Rodrigo+Leal%22&quot;&gt;de Paiva Carvalho, Rodrigo Leal&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;8&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; castorcarvalho@hotmail.com&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Lasers+in+Medical+Science%22&quot;&gt;Lasers in Medical Science&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Mar2019, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p255-262. 8p.
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– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Physical exercise generates several benefits in a short time in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, it can increase the chances of muscle damage, a serious problem for diabetic patients. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat these injuries, despite the serious adverse effects. In this way, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and/or light emitting diode therapy (LEDT) can be used as an alternative in this case. However, its efficacy in tissue repair of trauma injuries in diabetes mellitus until now is unknown, as well as the combination between PBMT and NSAIDs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NSAIDs and PBMT applied alone or combined on functional and biochemical aspects, in an experimental model of muscle injury through controlled trauma in diabetic rats. Muscle injury was induced by means of a single trauma to the animals&#39; anterior tibialis muscle. After 1&#160;h, the rats were treated with PBMT (830&#160;nm; continuous mode, with a power output of 100&#160;mW; 3.57&#160;W/cm2; 3&#160;J; 107.1&#160;J/cm2, 30&#160;s), diclofenac sodium for topical use (1&#160;g), or combination of them. Our results demonstrated that PBMT + diclofenac, and PBMT alone reduced the gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at all assessed times as compared to the injury and diclofenac groups (p&#160;&lt; 0.05 and p&#160;&lt; 0.01 respectively). The diclofenac alone showed reduced levels of COX-2 only in relation to the injury group (p&#160;&lt; 0.05). Prostaglandin E2 levels in blood plasma demonstrated similar results to COX2. In addition, we observed that PBMT + diclofenac and PBMT alone showed significant improvement compared with injury and diclofenac groups in functional analysis at all time points. The results indicate that PBMT alone or in combination with diclofenac reduces levels of inflammatory markers and improves gait of diabetic rats in the acute phase of muscle injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10103-018-2580-z
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 255
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Skeletal muscle injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Combined modality therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diabetes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diclofenac
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rats
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      – SubjectFull: Cutaneous therapeutics
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      – SubjectFull: Skeletal muscle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dinoprostone
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      – SubjectFull: Therapeutics
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: PBMT and topical diclofenac as single and combined treatment on skeletal muscle injury in diabetic rats: effects on biochemical and functional aspects.
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar2019
              Type: published
              Y: 2019
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