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Side-Channel Analysis for the Authentication Protocols of CDMA Cellular Networks.

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Title: Side-Channel Analysis for the Authentication Protocols of CDMA Cellular Networks.
Authors: Zhang, Chi1 (AUTHOR) zcsjtu@sjtu.edu.cn, Liu, Jun-Rong1,2 (AUTHOR) liujunrong@zxcsec.com, Gu, Da-Wu1 (AUTHOR) dwgu@sjtu.edu.cn, Wang, Wei-Jia3 (AUTHOR) weijia.wang@uclouvain.be, Lu, Xiang-Jun1 (AUTHOR) luxiangjun@sjtu.edu.cn, Guo, Zheng1,2 (AUTHOR) guozheng@zxcsec.com, Lu, Hai-Ning1,4 (AUTHOR) haining.lu@viewsources.com
Source: Journal of Computer Science & Technology (10009000). Sep2019, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p1079-1095. 17p.
Subjects: Near field communication, Code division multiple access, Computer network protocols, SIM cards
Abstract: Time-division multiple access (TDMA) and code-division multiple access (CDMA) are two technologies used in digital cellular networks. The authentication protocols of TDMA networks have been proven to be vulnerable to side-channel analysis (SCA), giving rise to a series of powerful SCA-based attacks against unprotected subscriber identity module (SIM) cards. CDMA networks have two authentication protocols, cellular authentication and voice encryption (CAVE) based authentication protocol and authentication and key agreement (AKA) based authentication protocol, which are used in different phases of the networks. However, there has been no SCA attack for these two protocols so far. In this paper, in order to figure out if the authentication protocols of CDMA networks are sufficiently secure against SCA, we investigate the two existing protocols and their cryptographic algorithms. We find the side-channel weaknesses of the two protocols when they are implemented on embedded systems. Based on these weaknesses, we propose specific attack strategies to recover their authentication keys for the two protocols, respectively. We verify our strategies on an 8-bit microcontroller and a real-world SIM card, showing that the authentication keys can be fully recovered within a few minutes with a limited number of power measurements. The successful experiments demonstrate the correctness and the effectiveness of our proposed strategies and prove that the unprotected implementations of the authentication protocols of CDMA networks cannot resist SCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Computer Science & Technology (10009000) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 138935585
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Side-Channel Analysis for the Authentication Protocols of CDMA Cellular Networks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Chi%22">Zhang, Chi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zcsjtu@sjtu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Jun-Rong%22">Liu, Jun-Rong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> liujunrong@zxcsec.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gu%2C+Da-Wu%22">Gu, Da-Wu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dwgu@sjtu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Wei-Jia%22">Wang, Wei-Jia</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> weijia.wang@uclouvain.be</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Xiang-Jun%22">Lu, Xiang-Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> luxiangjun@sjtu.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Zheng%22">Guo, Zheng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> guozheng@zxcsec.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Hai-Ning%22">Lu, Hai-Ning</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> haining.lu@viewsources.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Computer+Science+%26+Technology+%2810009000%29%22">Journal of Computer Science & Technology (10009000)</searchLink>. Sep2019, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p1079-1095. 17p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Near+field+communication%22">Near field communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Code+division+multiple+access%22">Code division multiple access</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+network+protocols%22">Computer network protocols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SIM+cards%22">SIM cards</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Time-division multiple access (TDMA) and code-division multiple access (CDMA) are two technologies used in digital cellular networks. The authentication protocols of TDMA networks have been proven to be vulnerable to side-channel analysis (SCA), giving rise to a series of powerful SCA-based attacks against unprotected subscriber identity module (SIM) cards. CDMA networks have two authentication protocols, cellular authentication and voice encryption (CAVE) based authentication protocol and authentication and key agreement (AKA) based authentication protocol, which are used in different phases of the networks. However, there has been no SCA attack for these two protocols so far. In this paper, in order to figure out if the authentication protocols of CDMA networks are sufficiently secure against SCA, we investigate the two existing protocols and their cryptographic algorithms. We find the side-channel weaknesses of the two protocols when they are implemented on embedded systems. Based on these weaknesses, we propose specific attack strategies to recover their authentication keys for the two protocols, respectively. We verify our strategies on an 8-bit microcontroller and a real-world SIM card, showing that the authentication keys can be fully recovered within a few minutes with a limited number of power measurements. The successful experiments demonstrate the correctness and the effectiveness of our proposed strategies and prove that the unprotected implementations of the authentication protocols of CDMA networks cannot resist SCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Computer Science & Technology (10009000) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11390-019-1961-5
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1079
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Near field communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Code division multiple access
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer network protocols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: SIM cards
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Side-Channel Analysis for the Authentication Protocols of CDMA Cellular Networks.
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            NameFull: Zhang, Chi
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            NameFull: Liu, Jun-Rong
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2019
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              Y: 2019
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