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The Arce Tephra: Two subsequent paroxysmal Plinian eruptions from Coatepeque Caldera (El Salvador).

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Title: The Arce Tephra: Two subsequent paroxysmal Plinian eruptions from Coatepeque Caldera (El Salvador).
Authors: Kutterolf, S.1 (AUTHOR) skutterolf@geomar.de, Schindlbeck- Belo, J.C.2 (AUTHOR), Rohr, I.1 (AUTHOR), Rademacher, M.1 (AUTHOR), de León, A. Cisneros2 (AUTHOR), Eisele, S.3 (AUTHOR), Freundt, A.1 (AUTHOR), Hernandez, W.4 (AUTHOR), Wang, K.-L.5,6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research. Jan2020, Vol. 390, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Volcanic eruptions, Volcanic ash, tuff, etc., Calderas, Explosive volcanic eruptions, Ignimbrite, Magmas, Island arcs
Geographic Terms: El Salvador, San Salvador (El Salvador)
Abstract: • Temporally close-spaced double eruption within a couple of hundreds of years. • Magmas are variably tapped from zoned magma chambers during eruptions due to changing magma discharge rates and/or vent migration. • Eruptions started with a series of fallouts featuring stable eruption columns followed by fluctuating and partially collapsing eruption columns. • Eruptive volumes sum up to a total of 25.6 km3 and 40.5 km3 tephra volume, eruption column heights have been between 20–33 km. • Potential hazards from similar sized eruptions around Coatepeque Caldera are indicated even in the distal regions around San Salvador. The Coatepeque volcanic complex in El Salvador produced at least four Plinian eruptions within the last 80 kyr. The eruption of the 72 ka old Arce Tephra formed the Coatepeque Caldera and was one of the most powerful explosive eruptions in El Salvador. Hitherto it was thought that the Arce tephra had been emplaced only by one, mostly Plinian, eruptive event that ended with the deposition of a thick ignimbrite. However, our stratigraphic, geochemical, and zircon data reveal a temporally closely- spaced double eruption separated by a gap of only a couple of hundred years, and we therefore distinguish Lower and Upper Arce Tephras. Both eruptions produced in the beginning a series of fallout units generated from fluctuating eruption columns and turning wind directions. The final phase of the Upper Arce eruption produced surge deposits by several eruption column collapses before the terminal phase of catastrophic ignimbrite eruption and caldera collapse. Mapping of the individual tephra units including the occurrences of distal marine and lacustrine ash layers in the Pacific Ocean, the Guatemalan lowlands and the Caribbean Sea, result in 25.6 km3 tephra volume, areal distribution of 4 × 105 km2 and eruption column heights between 20–33 km for the Lower Arce eruption, and 40.5 km3 tephra volume, including 10 km3 for the ignimbrite, distributed across 6 × 105 km2 and eruption column heights of 23–28 km for the Upper Arce eruption. These values and the detailed eruptive sequence emphasize the great hazard potential of possible future highly explosive eruptions at Coatepeque Caldera, especially for this kind of double eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 141754096
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: The Arce Tephra: Two subsequent paroxysmal Plinian eruptions from Coatepeque Caldera (El Salvador).
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kutterolf%2C+S%2E%22">Kutterolf, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> skutterolf@geomar.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schindlbeck-+Belo%2C+J%2EC%2E%22">Schindlbeck- Belo, J.C.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rohr%2C+I%2E%22">Rohr, I.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rademacher%2C+M%2E%22">Rademacher, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+León%2C+A%2E+Cisneros%22">de León, A. Cisneros</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eisele%2C+S%2E%22">Eisele, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Freundt%2C+A%2E%22">Freundt, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hernandez%2C+W%2E%22">Hernandez, W.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+K%2E-L%2E%22">Wang, K.-L.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Volcanology+%26+Geothermal+Research%22">Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research</searchLink>. Jan2020, Vol. 390, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+eruptions%22">Volcanic eruptions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+ash%2C+tuff%2C+etc%2E%22">Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calderas%22">Calderas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Explosive+volcanic+eruptions%22">Explosive volcanic eruptions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ignimbrite%22">Ignimbrite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magmas%22">Magmas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Island+arcs%22">Island arcs</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22El+Salvador%22">El Salvador</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22San+Salvador+%28El+Salvador%29%22">San Salvador (El Salvador)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • Temporally close-spaced double eruption within a couple of hundreds of years. • Magmas are variably tapped from zoned magma chambers during eruptions due to changing magma discharge rates and/or vent migration. • Eruptions started with a series of fallouts featuring stable eruption columns followed by fluctuating and partially collapsing eruption columns. • Eruptive volumes sum up to a total of 25.6 km3 and 40.5 km3 tephra volume, eruption column heights have been between 20–33 km. • Potential hazards from similar sized eruptions around Coatepeque Caldera are indicated even in the distal regions around San Salvador. The Coatepeque volcanic complex in El Salvador produced at least four Plinian eruptions within the last 80 kyr. The eruption of the 72 ka old Arce Tephra formed the Coatepeque Caldera and was one of the most powerful explosive eruptions in El Salvador. Hitherto it was thought that the Arce tephra had been emplaced only by one, mostly Plinian, eruptive event that ended with the deposition of a thick ignimbrite. However, our stratigraphic, geochemical, and zircon data reveal a temporally closely- spaced double eruption separated by a gap of only a couple of hundred years, and we therefore distinguish Lower and Upper Arce Tephras. Both eruptions produced in the beginning a series of fallout units generated from fluctuating eruption columns and turning wind directions. The final phase of the Upper Arce eruption produced surge deposits by several eruption column collapses before the terminal phase of catastrophic ignimbrite eruption and caldera collapse. Mapping of the individual tephra units including the occurrences of distal marine and lacustrine ash layers in the Pacific Ocean, the Guatemalan lowlands and the Caribbean Sea, result in 25.6 km3 tephra volume, areal distribution of 4 × 105 km2 and eruption column heights between 20–33 km for the Lower Arce eruption, and 40.5 km3 tephra volume, including 10 km3 for the ignimbrite, distributed across 6 × 105 km2 and eruption column heights of 23–28 km for the Upper Arce eruption. These values and the detailed eruptive sequence emphasize the great hazard potential of possible future highly explosive eruptions at Coatepeque Caldera, especially for this kind of double eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106673
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Volcanic eruptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Calderas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Explosive volcanic eruptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ignimbrite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magmas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Island arcs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: El Salvador
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: San Salvador (El Salvador)
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Arce Tephra: Two subsequent paroxysmal Plinian eruptions from Coatepeque Caldera (El Salvador).
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            NameFull: Schindlbeck- Belo, J.C.
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            – D: 15
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2020
              Type: published
              Y: 2020
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