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Voids in walls of mesoporous TiO2 anatase nanotubes by controlled formation and annihilation of protonated titanium vacancies.

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Title: Voids in walls of mesoporous TiO2 anatase nanotubes by controlled formation and annihilation of protonated titanium vacancies.
Authors: Getz, Marit Norderhaug1 (AUTHOR), Chatzitakis, Athanasios1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Xin1 (AUTHOR), Carvalho, Patricia Almeida2 (AUTHOR), Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen1 (AUTHOR), Norby, Truls1 (AUTHOR) truls.norby@kjemi.uio.no
Source: Materials Chemistry & Physics. Jan2020, Vol. 239, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Annealing of metals, Nanotubes, Computational chemistry, Chemical engineering, Dye-sensitized solar cells, Titanium, Aqueous electrolytes
Abstract: Amorphous TiO 2 nanotubes (TNTs) grown anodically on Ti metal in aqueous electrolytes show a crystallization behaviour strongly dependent on the atmosphere used during annealing at high temperature. In wet oxidizing conditions, the amorphous TNTs walls transform into relatively large and well crystallized anatase-like domains permeated by prismatic voids. On the other hand, crystallization of the amorphous nanotubes under dry reducing conditions induces nanocrystalline aggregates that do not show prismatic voids and exhibit different electronic properties. Supported by density functional theory calculations, it is argued that the formation or absence of voids can be understood in terms of formation and condensation of protonated titanium vacancies. Tunable morphology through defect chemical engineering as such, enables TNTs with increased surface area and catalytic activity, which find potential application in supercapacitors, sensors, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Prismatic voids are formed in TiO 2 nanotube (TNT) walls by high temperature annealing of anodically grown TNTs. This is attributed to formation and condensation of protonated titanium vacancies, in line with computational defect chemistry of TiO 2 under wet conditions. The voids can be annihilated by high temperature annealing under reducing conditions. The tunable morphology can be utilized for increased surface area and adjustable electrocatalytic activity. Image 1 • Prismatic voids are formed in TiO 2 nanotube walls by high temperature annealing. • The voids form due to condensation of protonated titanium vacancies. • The voids are annihilated by high temperature annealing under reducing conditions. • The tunable morphology can be utilized in photoelectrochemistry and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Materials Chemistry & Physics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Voids in walls of mesoporous TiO2 anatase nanotubes by controlled formation and annihilation of protonated titanium vacancies.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Getz%2C+Marit+Norderhaug%22">Getz, Marit Norderhaug</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chatzitakis%2C+Athanasios%22">Chatzitakis, Athanasios</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Xin%22">Liu, Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carvalho%2C+Patricia+Almeida%22">Carvalho, Patricia Almeida</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bjørheim%2C+Tor+Svendsen%22">Bjørheim, Tor Svendsen</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Norby%2C+Truls%22">Norby, Truls</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> truls.norby@kjemi.uio.no</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Materials+Chemistry+%26+Physics%22">Materials Chemistry & Physics</searchLink>. Jan2020, Vol. 239, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: Amorphous TiO 2 nanotubes (TNTs) grown anodically on Ti metal in aqueous electrolytes show a crystallization behaviour strongly dependent on the atmosphere used during annealing at high temperature. In wet oxidizing conditions, the amorphous TNTs walls transform into relatively large and well crystallized anatase-like domains permeated by prismatic voids. On the other hand, crystallization of the amorphous nanotubes under dry reducing conditions induces nanocrystalline aggregates that do not show prismatic voids and exhibit different electronic properties. Supported by density functional theory calculations, it is argued that the formation or absence of voids can be understood in terms of formation and condensation of protonated titanium vacancies. Tunable morphology through defect chemical engineering as such, enables TNTs with increased surface area and catalytic activity, which find potential application in supercapacitors, sensors, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Prismatic voids are formed in TiO 2 nanotube (TNT) walls by high temperature annealing of anodically grown TNTs. This is attributed to formation and condensation of protonated titanium vacancies, in line with computational defect chemistry of TiO 2 under wet conditions. The voids can be annihilated by high temperature annealing under reducing conditions. The tunable morphology can be utilized for increased surface area and adjustable electrocatalytic activity. Image 1 • Prismatic voids are formed in TiO 2 nanotube walls by high temperature annealing. • The voids form due to condensation of protonated titanium vacancies. • The voids are annihilated by high temperature annealing under reducing conditions. • The tunable morphology can be utilized in photoelectrochemistry and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Materials Chemistry & Physics is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.121953
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: N.PAG
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      – SubjectFull: Nanotubes
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      – SubjectFull: Computational chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Chemical engineering
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      – SubjectFull: Dye-sensitized solar cells
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      – SubjectFull: Titanium
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      – SubjectFull: Aqueous electrolytes
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Voids in walls of mesoporous TiO2 anatase nanotubes by controlled formation and annihilation of protonated titanium vacancies.
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            NameFull: Getz, Marit Norderhaug
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2020
              Type: published
              Y: 2020
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              Value: 239
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