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The carbonic anhydrase activity of sinking and suspended particles in the North Pacific Ocean.

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Title: The carbonic anhydrase activity of sinking and suspended particles in the North Pacific Ocean.
Authors: Subhas, Adam V.1,2 (AUTHOR) asubhas@whoi.edu, Adkins, Jess F.2 (AUTHOR), Dong, Sijia3 (AUTHOR), Rollins, Nick E.3 (AUTHOR), Berelson, William M.3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Limnology & Oceanography. Mar2020, Vol. 65 Issue 3, p637-651. 15p.
Subjects: Carbonic anhydrase, Colloidal carbon, Ocean, Particles, Sediment sampling, Seawater, Diatoms, Microcystis
Abstract: The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) is crucial to many physiological processes involving CO2, from photosynthesis and respiration, to calcification and CaCO3 dissolution. We present new measurements of CA activity along a North Pacific transect, on samples from in situ pumps, sediment traps, discreet plankton samples from the ship's underway seawater line, plankton tows, and surface sediment samples from multicores. CA activity is highest in the surface ocean and decreases with depth, both in suspended and sinking particles. Subpolar gyre surface particles exhibit 10× higher CA activity per liter of seawater compared to subtropical gyre surface particles. Activity persists to 4700 m in the subpolar gyre, but only to 1000 m in the subtropics. All sinking CA activity normalized to particulate organic carbon (POC) follows a single relationship (CA/POC = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 10−7 mol mol−1). This relationship is consistent with CA/POC values in subpolar plankton tow material, suspended particles, and core top sediments. We hypothesize that most subpolar CA activity is associated with rapidly sinking diatom blooms, consistent with a large mat of diatomaceous material identified on the seafloor. Compared to the basin‐wide sinking CA/POC relationship, a lower subtropical CA/POC suggests that the inventory of subtropical biomass is different in composition from exported material. Pteropods also demonstrate substantial CA activity. Scaled to the volume within pteropod shells, first‐order CO2 hydration rate constants are elevated ≥ 1000× above background. This kinetic enhancement is large enough to catalyze carbonate dissolution within microenvironments, providing observational evidence for CA‐catalyzed, respiration‐driven CaCO3 dissolution in the shallow North Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Limnology & Oceanography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 142081651
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: The carbonic anhydrase activity of sinking and suspended particles in the North Pacific Ocean.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Subhas%2C+Adam+V%2E%22">Subhas, Adam V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> asubhas@whoi.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adkins%2C+Jess+F%2E%22">Adkins, Jess F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong%2C+Sijia%22">Dong, Sijia</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rollins%2C+Nick+E%2E%22">Rollins, Nick E.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berelson%2C+William+M%2E%22">Berelson, William M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Limnology+%26+Oceanography%22">Limnology & Oceanography</searchLink>. Mar2020, Vol. 65 Issue 3, p637-651. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbonic+anhydrase%22">Carbonic anhydrase</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Colloidal+carbon%22">Colloidal carbon</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean%22">Ocean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particles%22">Particles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sediment+sampling%22">Sediment sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seawater%22">Seawater</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diatoms%22">Diatoms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microcystis%22">Microcystis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) is crucial to many physiological processes involving CO2, from photosynthesis and respiration, to calcification and CaCO3 dissolution. We present new measurements of CA activity along a North Pacific transect, on samples from in situ pumps, sediment traps, discreet plankton samples from the ship's underway seawater line, plankton tows, and surface sediment samples from multicores. CA activity is highest in the surface ocean and decreases with depth, both in suspended and sinking particles. Subpolar gyre surface particles exhibit 10× higher CA activity per liter of seawater compared to subtropical gyre surface particles. Activity persists to 4700 m in the subpolar gyre, but only to 1000 m in the subtropics. All sinking CA activity normalized to particulate organic carbon (POC) follows a single relationship (CA/POC = 1.9 ± 0.2 × 10−7 mol mol−1). This relationship is consistent with CA/POC values in subpolar plankton tow material, suspended particles, and core top sediments. We hypothesize that most subpolar CA activity is associated with rapidly sinking diatom blooms, consistent with a large mat of diatomaceous material identified on the seafloor. Compared to the basin‐wide sinking CA/POC relationship, a lower subtropical CA/POC suggests that the inventory of subtropical biomass is different in composition from exported material. Pteropods also demonstrate substantial CA activity. Scaled to the volume within pteropod shells, first‐order CO2 hydration rate constants are elevated ≥ 1000× above background. This kinetic enhancement is large enough to catalyze carbonate dissolution within microenvironments, providing observational evidence for CA‐catalyzed, respiration‐driven CaCO3 dissolution in the shallow North Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Limnology & Oceanography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/lno.11332
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 637
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Carbonic anhydrase
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Colloidal carbon
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sediment sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seawater
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diatoms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microcystis
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The carbonic anhydrase activity of sinking and suspended particles in the North Pacific Ocean.
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              Text: Mar2020
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              Y: 2020
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