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Nitrogen pollution interacts with heat stress to increase coral bleaching across the seascape.

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Title: Nitrogen pollution interacts with heat stress to increase coral bleaching across the seascape.
Authors: Donovan, Mary K.1 donovan.maryk@gmail.com, Adam, Thomas C.1, Shantz, Andrew A.2,3, Speare, Kelly E.2, Munsterman, Katrina S.2, Rice, Mallory M.2, Schmitt, Russell J.1,2, Holbrook, Sally J.1,2, Burkepile, Deron E.1,2 dburkepile@ucsb.edu
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 3/10/2020, Vol. 117 Issue 10, p5351-5357. 7p.
Subjects: Coral bleaching, Scleractinia, Climate change, Coral communities, Heat
Geographic Terms: Moorea (French Polynesia), French Polynesia
Abstract: Climate change is increasing the frequency and magnitude of temperature anomalies that cause coral bleaching, leading to widespread mortality of stony corals that can fundamentally alter reef structure and function. However, bleaching often is spatially variable for a given heat stress event, and drivers of this heterogeneity are not well resolved. While small-scale experiments have shown that excess nitrogen can increase the susceptibility of a coral colony to bleaching, we lack evidence that heterogeneity in nitrogen pollution can shape spatial patterns of coral bleaching across a seascape. Using island-wide surveys of coral bleaching and nitrogen availability within a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we tested the hypothesis that excess nitrogen interacts with temperature anomalies to alter coral bleaching for the two dominant genera of branching corals in Moorea, French Polynesia. For both coral genera, Pocillopora and Acropora, heat stress primarily drove bleaching prevalence (i.e., the proportion of colonies on a reef that bleached). In contrast, the severity of bleaching (i.e., the proportion of an individual colony that bleached) was positively associated with both heat stress and nitrogen availability for both genera. Importantly, nitrogen interacted with heat stress to increase bleaching severity up to twofold when nitrogen was high and heat stress was relatively low. Our finding that excess nitrogen can trigger severe bleaching even under relatively low heat stress implies that mitigating nutrient pollution may enhance the resilience of coral communities in the face of mounting stresses from global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Nitrogen pollution interacts with heat stress to increase coral bleaching across the seascape.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donovan%2C+Mary+K%2E%22">Donovan, Mary K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> donovan.maryk@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adam%2C+Thomas+C%2E%22">Adam, Thomas C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shantz%2C+Andrew+A%2E%22">Shantz, Andrew A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Speare%2C+Kelly+E%2E%22">Speare, Kelly E.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Munsterman%2C+Katrina+S%2E%22">Munsterman, Katrina S.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rice%2C+Mallory+M%2E%22">Rice, Mallory M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schmitt%2C+Russell+J%2E%22">Schmitt, Russell J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holbrook%2C+Sally+J%2E%22">Holbrook, Sally J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burkepile%2C+Deron+E%2E%22">Burkepile, Deron E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> dburkepile@ucsb.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coral+bleaching%22">Coral bleaching</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scleractinia%22">Scleractinia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coral+communities%22">Coral communities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat%22">Heat</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Moorea+%28French+Polynesia%29%22">Moorea (French Polynesia)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22French+Polynesia%22">French Polynesia</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Climate change is increasing the frequency and magnitude of temperature anomalies that cause coral bleaching, leading to widespread mortality of stony corals that can fundamentally alter reef structure and function. However, bleaching often is spatially variable for a given heat stress event, and drivers of this heterogeneity are not well resolved. While small-scale experiments have shown that excess nitrogen can increase the susceptibility of a coral colony to bleaching, we lack evidence that heterogeneity in nitrogen pollution can shape spatial patterns of coral bleaching across a seascape. Using island-wide surveys of coral bleaching and nitrogen availability within a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we tested the hypothesis that excess nitrogen interacts with temperature anomalies to alter coral bleaching for the two dominant genera of branching corals in Moorea, French Polynesia. For both coral genera, Pocillopora and Acropora, heat stress primarily drove bleaching prevalence (i.e., the proportion of colonies on a reef that bleached). In contrast, the severity of bleaching (i.e., the proportion of an individual colony that bleached) was positively associated with both heat stress and nitrogen availability for both genera. Importantly, nitrogen interacted with heat stress to increase bleaching severity up to twofold when nitrogen was high and heat stress was relatively low. Our finding that excess nitrogen can trigger severe bleaching even under relatively low heat stress implies that mitigating nutrient pollution may enhance the resilience of coral communities in the face of mounting stresses from global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.1915395117
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 5351
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Coral bleaching
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scleractinia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coral communities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Moorea (French Polynesia)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: French Polynesia
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      – TitleFull: Nitrogen pollution interacts with heat stress to increase coral bleaching across the seascape.
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              Text: 3/10/2020
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