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Twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of ten pesticide metabolites in healthy adults in two different areas of Italy (Florence and Ragusa)

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Title: Twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of ten pesticide metabolites in healthy adults in two different areas of Italy (Florence and Ragusa)
Authors: Saieva, Calogero1, Aprea, Cristina2, Tumino, Rosario3, Masala, Giovanna1, Salvini, Simonetta1, Frasca, Graziella3, Giurdanella, Maria Concetta3, Zanna, Ines1, Decarli, Adriano4, Sciarra, Gianfranco2, Palli, Domenico1 d.palli@cspo.it
Source: Science of the Total Environment. Oct2004, Vol. 332 Issue 1-3, p71-80. 10p.
Subjects: Excretion, Urine, Pesticides, Metabolites, Health of adults
Geographic Terms: Italy
Abstract: The determination of pesticide metabolites in human biological fluids represents an important biomarker of exposure in the general population and exposed workers. In the frame of a prospective study, we measured the 24-h urinary excretion of 10 pesticide metabolites to evaluate non-occupational exposure to pesticides in the general population in two different areas in Italy. We collected 24-h urine samples from 69 healthy adults residing in Florence (Central Italy, n=51) and Ragusa (Southern Italy, n=18). The volunteers (25 males, 44 females; mean age 56 years) did not report any occupational exposure. We measured: six alkylphosphates, aspecific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides [dimethylphosfate (DMP), dimethylthiophosfate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosfate (DMDTP), diethylphosfate (DEP), diethylthiophosfate (DEDP), and diethyldithiophosfate (DEDTP)]; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), the main metabolite of chlorpyrifos; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides; ethylenethiourea (ETU) a metabolite of ethylenebisdithiocarbamates; methamidophos (METH), an organophosphorus insecticide. We also measured PABA excretion as compliance marker (mean recovery 95%). Dimethylphosphates were found in detectable concentrations in the majority of samples (89.9%, 82.6% and 60.9% for DMP, DMTP and DMDTP, respectively). Urinary diethylphosphates (DEP, DETP, DEDTP) concentrations were above the detection limit in 80.9%, 61.8% and 27.5% of samples, respectively. TCP, 3-PBA and ETU were detected in 78.3%, 53.6% and 21.7% of samples, respectively. Methamidophos was detected in two samples (2.8%). The median number of metabolites detected in the same urine sample was 6 (range 0–9). Excretion levels were highest for alkylphosphates, particularly for DMTP (median: 142.6 nmol/day). Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between these two groups of adults, with higher mean values of urinary excretion of alkylphosphates, TCP and ETU in Florence in comparison to Ragusa. Overall, a very high percentage of 24-h urine samples positive for several pesticide metabolites emerged, with higher levels of urinary daily excretion in subjects residing in the more urbanised area. Our results suggest that food monitoring programs should be supported by general campaigns aimed to reduce the use of pesticides in agriculture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 14248959
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of ten pesticide metabolites in healthy adults in two different areas of Italy (Florence and Ragusa)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saieva%2C+Calogero%22">Saieva, Calogero</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aprea%2C+Cristina%22">Aprea, Cristina</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tumino%2C+Rosario%22">Tumino, Rosario</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Masala%2C+Giovanna%22">Masala, Giovanna</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salvini%2C+Simonetta%22">Salvini, Simonetta</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Frasca%2C+Graziella%22">Frasca, Graziella</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giurdanella%2C+Maria+Concetta%22">Giurdanella, Maria Concetta</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zanna%2C+Ines%22">Zanna, Ines</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Decarli%2C+Adriano%22">Decarli, Adriano</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sciarra%2C+Gianfranco%22">Sciarra, Gianfranco</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Palli%2C+Domenico%22">Palli, Domenico</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> d.palli@cspo.it</i>
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  Data: The determination of pesticide metabolites in human biological fluids represents an important biomarker of exposure in the general population and exposed workers. In the frame of a prospective study, we measured the 24-h urinary excretion of 10 pesticide metabolites to evaluate non-occupational exposure to pesticides in the general population in two different areas in Italy. We collected 24-h urine samples from 69 healthy adults residing in Florence (Central Italy, n=51) and Ragusa (Southern Italy, n=18). The volunteers (25 males, 44 females; mean age 56 years) did not report any occupational exposure. We measured: six alkylphosphates, aspecific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides [dimethylphosfate (DMP), dimethylthiophosfate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosfate (DMDTP), diethylphosfate (DEP), diethylthiophosfate (DEDP), and diethyldithiophosfate (DEDTP)]; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), the main metabolite of chlorpyrifos; 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides; ethylenethiourea (ETU) a metabolite of ethylenebisdithiocarbamates; methamidophos (METH), an organophosphorus insecticide. We also measured PABA excretion as compliance marker (mean recovery 95%). Dimethylphosphates were found in detectable concentrations in the majority of samples (89.9%, 82.6% and 60.9% for DMP, DMTP and DMDTP, respectively). Urinary diethylphosphates (DEP, DETP, DEDTP) concentrations were above the detection limit in 80.9%, 61.8% and 27.5% of samples, respectively. TCP, 3-PBA and ETU were detected in 78.3%, 53.6% and 21.7% of samples, respectively. Methamidophos was detected in two samples (2.8%). The median number of metabolites detected in the same urine sample was 6 (range 0–9). Excretion levels were highest for alkylphosphates, particularly for DMTP (median: 142.6 nmol/day). Multivariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between these two groups of adults, with higher mean values of urinary excretion of alkylphosphates, TCP and ETU in Florence in comparison to Ragusa. Overall, a very high percentage of 24-h urine samples positive for several pesticide metabolites emerged, with higher levels of urinary daily excretion in subjects residing in the more urbanised area. Our results suggest that food monitoring programs should be supported by general campaigns aimed to reduce the use of pesticides in agriculture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.02.026
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        Text: English
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