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Investigation of heat capacity and viscosity enhancements of binary carbonate salt mixture with SiO2 nanoparticles.

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Title: Investigation of heat capacity and viscosity enhancements of binary carbonate salt mixture with SiO2 nanoparticles.
Authors: Far, Baha El1 (AUTHOR), Rizvi, Syed Muhammad Mujtaba1 (AUTHOR), Nayfeh, Yousof1 (AUTHOR), Shin, Donghyun1 (AUTHOR) shin1d@cmich.edu
Source: International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer. Aug2020, Vol. 156, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Heat capacity, Viscosity, Nanofluids, Pseudoplastic fluids, Nanoparticles, Fused salts, Salt
Abstract: • We synthesized molten salt nanofluids by dispersing SiO 2 nanoparticles at a minute concentration (1 wt.%) into a binary carbonate salt mixture (Li 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 at 62:38). • The heat capacity and the viscosity were enhanced by 19% & 34.0–94.4%, respectively. A non-Newtonian behavior (shear thinning) was observed. • We added hydroxide at an extremely low concentration (0.03 wt.%) to disrupt reported formation of such dendritic nanostructures. • The heat capacity and viscosity enhancements decreased from 19% to 9% and from 34.0–94.4% to 8.4–62.8%, respectively. • The result supports the dendritic salt nanostructures are responsible for the increase of heat capacity and the non-Newtonian behavior. A binary carbonate salt mixture (Li 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 at 62:38 molar ratio) was doped with SiO 2 spherical nanoparticles at 1% concentration by weight. A differential calorimeter and a rheometer were used to study the thermal and rheological characteristics of the binary carbonate salt mixture & its nanofluids mixed with SiO 2 nanoparticles. The results showed that the viscosity was enhanced by 34.0–94.4% and the heat capacity was enhanced by 19%. Furthermore, the nanofluids showed significant non-Newtonian behavior (shear-thinning). Nanofluids are known to show non-Newtonian behavior when nanoparticles have a high aspect ratio (e.g., rod-like structure, nanotube, etc.) at high concentrations. Literature study showed salt mixture can be micro-segregated near a nanoparticle. The segregated salts can crystallize on the nanoparticle surface and grow further to form dendritic nanostructures. To verify the nanostructural change, we added a minute concentration of hydroxide (0.03 wt.%) into a nanofluid to disrupt the nanostructural change and measured their properties as reported in the literature. The result showed that the heat capacity enhancement decreased from 19% to 9%. Also, the viscosity decreased from 34.0% to 8.4% (at the highest shear rate) and 94.4% to 62.8% (at the lowest shear rate), respectively. Moreover, the theoretical viscosity model predicted well at the highest shear rate (250/s), where the effect of the nanostructural change is minimal, while it failed to predict the viscosity enhancement at a low shear rate, where the nanostructural change is expected to dominate the flow. Our experimental results support that the dendritic salt nanostructures are primarily responsible for increasing both heat capacity and the shear-thinning behavior of molten salt nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Investigation of heat capacity and viscosity enhancements of binary carbonate salt mixture with SiO2 nanoparticles.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Far%2C+Baha+El%22">Far, Baha El</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rizvi%2C+Syed+Muhammad+Mujtaba%22">Rizvi, Syed Muhammad Mujtaba</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nayfeh%2C+Yousof%22">Nayfeh, Yousof</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shin%2C+Donghyun%22">Shin, Donghyun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> shin1d@cmich.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Heat+%26+Mass+Transfer%22">International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer</searchLink>. Aug2020, Vol. 156, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+capacity%22">Heat capacity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Viscosity%22">Viscosity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofluids%22">Nanofluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pseudoplastic+fluids%22">Pseudoplastic fluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fused+salts%22">Fused salts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salt%22">Salt</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • We synthesized molten salt nanofluids by dispersing SiO 2 nanoparticles at a minute concentration (1 wt.%) into a binary carbonate salt mixture (Li 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 at 62:38). • The heat capacity and the viscosity were enhanced by 19% & 34.0–94.4%, respectively. A non-Newtonian behavior (shear thinning) was observed. • We added hydroxide at an extremely low concentration (0.03 wt.%) to disrupt reported formation of such dendritic nanostructures. • The heat capacity and viscosity enhancements decreased from 19% to 9% and from 34.0–94.4% to 8.4–62.8%, respectively. • The result supports the dendritic salt nanostructures are responsible for the increase of heat capacity and the non-Newtonian behavior. A binary carbonate salt mixture (Li 2 CO 3 -K 2 CO 3 at 62:38 molar ratio) was doped with SiO 2 spherical nanoparticles at 1% concentration by weight. A differential calorimeter and a rheometer were used to study the thermal and rheological characteristics of the binary carbonate salt mixture & its nanofluids mixed with SiO 2 nanoparticles. The results showed that the viscosity was enhanced by 34.0–94.4% and the heat capacity was enhanced by 19%. Furthermore, the nanofluids showed significant non-Newtonian behavior (shear-thinning). Nanofluids are known to show non-Newtonian behavior when nanoparticles have a high aspect ratio (e.g., rod-like structure, nanotube, etc.) at high concentrations. Literature study showed salt mixture can be micro-segregated near a nanoparticle. The segregated salts can crystallize on the nanoparticle surface and grow further to form dendritic nanostructures. To verify the nanostructural change, we added a minute concentration of hydroxide (0.03 wt.%) into a nanofluid to disrupt the nanostructural change and measured their properties as reported in the literature. The result showed that the heat capacity enhancement decreased from 19% to 9%. Also, the viscosity decreased from 34.0% to 8.4% (at the highest shear rate) and 94.4% to 62.8% (at the lowest shear rate), respectively. Moreover, the theoretical viscosity model predicted well at the highest shear rate (250/s), where the effect of the nanostructural change is minimal, while it failed to predict the viscosity enhancement at a low shear rate, where the nanostructural change is expected to dominate the flow. Our experimental results support that the dendritic salt nanostructures are primarily responsible for increasing both heat capacity and the shear-thinning behavior of molten salt nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119789
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Heat capacity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Viscosity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanofluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pseudoplastic fluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fused salts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Salt
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Investigation of heat capacity and viscosity enhancements of binary carbonate salt mixture with SiO2 nanoparticles.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Far, Baha El
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            NameFull: Rizvi, Syed Muhammad Mujtaba
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            NameFull: Nayfeh, Yousof
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          Name:
            NameFull: Shin, Donghyun
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug2020
              Type: published
              Y: 2020
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            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00179310
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              Value: 156
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
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