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A Facile Method for the Non-Covalent Amine Functionalization of Carbon-Based Surfaces for Use in Biosensor Development.

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Title: A Facile Method for the Non-Covalent Amine Functionalization of Carbon-Based Surfaces for Use in Biosensor Development.
Authors: Walters, Ffion1 (AUTHOR) 823439@swansea.ac.uk, Ali, Muhammad Munem1 (AUTHOR) z.tehrani@swansea.ac.uk, Burwell, Gregory2 (AUTHOR) g.burwell@swansea.ac.uk, Rozhko, Sergiy3 (AUTHOR) sergiy.rozhko@npl.co.uk, Tehrani, Zari1 (AUTHOR) e.daghighahmadi@swansea.ac.uk, Daghigh Ahmadi, Ehsaneh1 (AUTHOR) j.e.evans@swansea.ac.uk, Evans, Jon E.1 (AUTHOR) h.y.abbasi@swansea.ac.uk, Abbasi, Hina Y.1 (AUTHOR) j.j.mitchell@swansea.ac.uk, Bigham, Ryan2 (AUTHOR) r.m.bigham@swansea.ac.uk, Mitchell, Jacob John1 (AUTHOR), Kazakova, Olga3 (AUTHOR) olga.kazakova@npl.co.uk, Devadoss, Anitha1 (AUTHOR) 968191@swansea.ac.uk, Guy, Owen J.1,4 (AUTHOR) 968191@swansea.ac.uk
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Sep2020, Vol. 10 Issue 9, p1808. 1p.
Subjects: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Field-effect transistors, Raman spectroscopy, Amines, Moieties (Chemistry)
Abstract: Affinity biosensors based on graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) or resistor designs require the utilization of graphene's exceptional electrical properties. Therefore, it is critical when designing these sensors, that the electrical properties of graphene are maintained throughout the functionalization process. To that end, non-covalent functionalization may be preferred over covalent modification. Drop-cast 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) was investigated as a quick and simple method for the non-covalent amine functionalization of carbon-based surfaces such as graphene, for use in biosensor development. In this work, multiple graphene surfaces were functionalized with DAN via a drop-cast method, leading to amine moieties, available for subsequent attachment to receptor molecules. Successful modification of graphene with DAN via a drop-cast method was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and real-time resistance measurements. Successful attachment of receptor molecules also confirmed using the aforementioned techniques. Furthermore, an investigation into the effect of sequential wash steps which are required in biosensor manufacture, on the presence of the DAN layer, confirmed that the functional layer was not removed, even after multiple solvent exposures. Drop-cast DAN is thus, a viable fast and robust method for the amine functionalization of graphene surfaces for use in biosensor development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A Facile Method for the Non-Covalent Amine Functionalization of Carbon-Based Surfaces for Use in Biosensor Development.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nanomaterials+%282079-4991%29%22">Nanomaterials (2079-4991)</searchLink>. Sep2020, Vol. 10 Issue 9, p1808. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+photoelectron+spectroscopy%22">X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Field-effect+transistors%22">Field-effect transistors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Raman+spectroscopy%22">Raman spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amines%22">Amines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Moieties+%28Chemistry%29%22">Moieties (Chemistry)</searchLink>
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  Data: Affinity biosensors based on graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) or resistor designs require the utilization of graphene's exceptional electrical properties. Therefore, it is critical when designing these sensors, that the electrical properties of graphene are maintained throughout the functionalization process. To that end, non-covalent functionalization may be preferred over covalent modification. Drop-cast 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) was investigated as a quick and simple method for the non-covalent amine functionalization of carbon-based surfaces such as graphene, for use in biosensor development. In this work, multiple graphene surfaces were functionalized with DAN via a drop-cast method, leading to amine moieties, available for subsequent attachment to receptor molecules. Successful modification of graphene with DAN via a drop-cast method was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and real-time resistance measurements. Successful attachment of receptor molecules also confirmed using the aforementioned techniques. Furthermore, an investigation into the effect of sequential wash steps which are required in biosensor manufacture, on the presence of the DAN layer, confirmed that the functional layer was not removed, even after multiple solvent exposures. Drop-cast DAN is thus, a viable fast and robust method for the amine functionalization of graphene surfaces for use in biosensor development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano10091808
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Field-effect transistors
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      – SubjectFull: Raman spectroscopy
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      – SubjectFull: Amines
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