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A review on developments in the electrical structure of craton lithosphere.

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Title: A review on developments in the electrical structure of craton lithosphere.
Authors: Hu, Xiangyun1 (AUTHOR) xyhu@cug.edu.cn, Lin, Wule1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Wencai2 (AUTHOR), Yang, Bo1 (AUTHOR)
Source: SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences. Nov2020, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1661-1677. 17p.
Subjects: Lithosphere, Cratons, Magnetotelluric prospecting, Carbon films, Mantle plumes, Subduction zones
Abstract: Cratons have a long history of evolution. In this paper, applications of the magnetotelluric method used in the study of craton lithosphere over the past 30 years were reviewed, examining case studies of cratons in North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The nuclei of the Archean cratons, for example the Kalahari Craton and Rae Craton, are usually characterized by thick and highly resistive lithospheric roots. During or after the formation of the cratons, tectonothermal events, such as collision, mantle plume, and asthenosphere upwelling led to the formation of high-conductivity zones in the craton lithosphere, which could be attributed to the increased hydrogen content (of nominally anhydrous minerals), higher iron content, and formation of graphite films or sulfides along the grain boundary of minerals. These conductive zones are characterized by resistivity discontinuities in craton lithosphere. In particular, the conductive zones include (1) large-scale lithospheric mantle conductors beneath the Slave Craton, Gawler Craton, and central part of North China Craton(Trans-North China Orogen); (2) near-vertical high-conductivity zone associated with the fossil subduction zone beneath the Dharwar Craton and Slave Craton; and (3) regional lateral electrical discontinuities, such as a conductive anomaly under the Bushveld Complex of the Kaapvaal Craton. The eMoho refers to the electrical discontinuity in the crust-mantle boundary. In existing research, this has been detected under the condition of extremely high lithospheric resistivity with only a slight decrease in the lower crust, and in the case of a very thin conductive lower crust or the lack thereof. In the resistivity model, the unique "mushroom-like" lower crust-lithosphere mantle conductor and very thin lower crust layer of the North China Craton may represent lithosphere destruction and/or thinning. We also find that some of the cratons are still not well understood. Therefore, extensive three-dimensional inversion and joint interpretation of geochemical, geophysical, and geologic data are necessary to understand the tectonic evolutionary history of craton lithosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A review on developments in the electrical structure of craton lithosphere.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Xiangyun%22">Hu, Xiangyun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xyhu@cug.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Wule%22">Lin, Wule</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Wencai%22">Yang, Wencai</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Bo%22">Yang, Bo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22SCIENCE+CHINA+Earth+Sciences%22">SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences</searchLink>. Nov2020, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1661-1677. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithosphere%22">Lithosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cratons%22">Cratons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetotelluric+prospecting%22">Magnetotelluric prospecting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbon+films%22">Carbon films</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mantle+plumes%22">Mantle plumes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Subduction+zones%22">Subduction zones</searchLink>
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  Data: Cratons have a long history of evolution. In this paper, applications of the magnetotelluric method used in the study of craton lithosphere over the past 30 years were reviewed, examining case studies of cratons in North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa. The nuclei of the Archean cratons, for example the Kalahari Craton and Rae Craton, are usually characterized by thick and highly resistive lithospheric roots. During or after the formation of the cratons, tectonothermal events, such as collision, mantle plume, and asthenosphere upwelling led to the formation of high-conductivity zones in the craton lithosphere, which could be attributed to the increased hydrogen content (of nominally anhydrous minerals), higher iron content, and formation of graphite films or sulfides along the grain boundary of minerals. These conductive zones are characterized by resistivity discontinuities in craton lithosphere. In particular, the conductive zones include (1) large-scale lithospheric mantle conductors beneath the Slave Craton, Gawler Craton, and central part of North China Craton(Trans-North China Orogen); (2) near-vertical high-conductivity zone associated with the fossil subduction zone beneath the Dharwar Craton and Slave Craton; and (3) regional lateral electrical discontinuities, such as a conductive anomaly under the Bushveld Complex of the Kaapvaal Craton. The eMoho refers to the electrical discontinuity in the crust-mantle boundary. In existing research, this has been detected under the condition of extremely high lithospheric resistivity with only a slight decrease in the lower crust, and in the case of a very thin conductive lower crust or the lack thereof. In the resistivity model, the unique "mushroom-like" lower crust-lithosphere mantle conductor and very thin lower crust layer of the North China Craton may represent lithosphere destruction and/or thinning. We also find that some of the cratons are still not well understood. Therefore, extensive three-dimensional inversion and joint interpretation of geochemical, geophysical, and geologic data are necessary to understand the tectonic evolutionary history of craton lithosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11430-019-9653-2
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Lithosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cratons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetotelluric prospecting
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      – SubjectFull: Carbon films
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mantle plumes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Subduction zones
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      – TitleFull: A review on developments in the electrical structure of craton lithosphere.
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              Text: Nov2020
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