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Chemical alteration patterns of ancient Egyptian papyri studied by Pyrolysis-GC/MS with in situ silylation.

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Title: Chemical alteration patterns of ancient Egyptian papyri studied by Pyrolysis-GC/MS with in situ silylation.
Authors: Lucejko, J.J.1 (AUTHOR) jeannette.lucejko@unipi.it, Colombini, M.P.1 (AUTHOR), Ribechini, E.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis. Nov2020, Vol. 152, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Egyptology, Silylation, Lignin structure, Depolymerization, Pyrolysis gas chromatography, Biodegradation
Geographic Terms: Egypt
Abstract: • First time application of Py(HMDS)-GC/MS to study Egyptian papyri. • Investigation of chemical alteration in the ancient papyri was performed. • Different chemical preservation states of the papyri were confirmed. • Oxidation and depletion of lignin, and polysaccharide depolymerization occurred. Analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with in situ silylation using hexamethyldisilazane (Py(HMDS)-GC/MS) was employed to study a set of ancient Egyptian papyri. The aim was to investigate their chemical alteration patterns and to obtain information regarding the degradation pathways affecting them. In ancient Egypt, papyrus was widely exploited and its most important use was as a writing surface, created from strips of the pith found inside the stalk laid down in layers and dried under pressure. These strips were formed into rolls that were left intact or cut into sheets. From a chemical point of view, papyrus mainly consists of three biopolymers: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Biological degradation due to fungi, bacteria or insects is the main cause of papyri decay in archaeological findings. However, thanks to the dry climate of the desert, the remains of many papyri have been found and recovered in Egypt. Py-GC/MS was used to identify roughly 90 compounds in the pyrograms of the various papyri. In terms of the main pyrolysis products derived from polysaccharides and lignin, compositional differences were detected between the archaeological papyri of several historical periods and sound modern papyrus sheets and plants. These chemical differences were derived from the modifications - such as depolymerisation, oxidation and depletion - undergone by both the polysaccharides and lignin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 147294824
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Chemical alteration patterns of ancient Egyptian papyri studied by Pyrolysis-GC/MS with in situ silylation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lucejko%2C+J%2EJ%2E%22">Lucejko, J.J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jeannette.lucejko@unipi.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Colombini%2C+M%2EP%2E%22">Colombini, M.P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ribechini%2C+E%2E%22">Ribechini, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Analytical+%26+Applied+Pyrolysis%22">Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis</searchLink>. Nov2020, Vol. 152, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Egyptology%22">Egyptology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silylation%22">Silylation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lignin+structure%22">Lignin structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depolymerization%22">Depolymerization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pyrolysis+gas+chromatography%22">Pyrolysis gas chromatography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodegradation%22">Biodegradation</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Egypt%22">Egypt</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • First time application of Py(HMDS)-GC/MS to study Egyptian papyri. • Investigation of chemical alteration in the ancient papyri was performed. • Different chemical preservation states of the papyri were confirmed. • Oxidation and depletion of lignin, and polysaccharide depolymerization occurred. Analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with in situ silylation using hexamethyldisilazane (Py(HMDS)-GC/MS) was employed to study a set of ancient Egyptian papyri. The aim was to investigate their chemical alteration patterns and to obtain information regarding the degradation pathways affecting them. In ancient Egypt, papyrus was widely exploited and its most important use was as a writing surface, created from strips of the pith found inside the stalk laid down in layers and dried under pressure. These strips were formed into rolls that were left intact or cut into sheets. From a chemical point of view, papyrus mainly consists of three biopolymers: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Biological degradation due to fungi, bacteria or insects is the main cause of papyri decay in archaeological findings. However, thanks to the dry climate of the desert, the remains of many papyri have been found and recovered in Egypt. Py-GC/MS was used to identify roughly 90 compounds in the pyrograms of the various papyri. In terms of the main pyrolysis products derived from polysaccharides and lignin, compositional differences were detected between the archaeological papyri of several historical periods and sound modern papyrus sheets and plants. These chemical differences were derived from the modifications - such as depolymerisation, oxidation and depletion - undergone by both the polysaccharides and lignin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104967
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Egyptology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Silylation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lignin structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Depolymerization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pyrolysis gas chromatography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biodegradation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Egypt
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Chemical alteration patterns of ancient Egyptian papyri studied by Pyrolysis-GC/MS with in situ silylation.
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            NameFull: Lucejko, J.J.
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            NameFull: Colombini, M.P.
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            NameFull: Ribechini, E.
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2020
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              Y: 2020
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              Value: 152
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