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The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture.

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Title: The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture.
Authors: Borda, Víctor1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, Alvim, Isabela1, Mendes, Marla1, Silva-Carvalho, Carolina1, Soares-Souza, Giordano B.1, Leal, Thiago P.1, Furlan, Vinicius1, Scliar, Marilia O.1,10, Zamudio, Roxana1, Zolini, Camila1,11,12, Araújo, Gilderlanio S.13, Luizon, Marcelo R.1, Padilla, Carlos3, Cáceres, Omar3,14, Levano, Kelly3, Sánchez, César3, Trujillo, Omar15, Flores-Villanueva, Pedro O.3, Dean, Michael16, Fuselli, Silvia17
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 12/22/2020, Vol. 117 Issue 51, p32557-32565. 9p.
Subjects: CD45 antigen, Natural selection, Human population genetics, B cells, Gene flow
Geographic Terms: Andes
Abstract: Western South America was one of the worldwide cradles of civilization. The well-known Inca Empire was the tip of the iceberg of an evolutionary process that started 11,000 to 14,000 years ago. Genetic data from 18 Peruvian populations reveal the following: 1) The between-population homogenization of the central southern Andes and its differentiation with respect to Amazonian populations of similar latitudes do not extend northward. Instead, longitudinal gene flow between the northern coast of Peru, Andes, and Amazonia accompanied cultural and socioeconomic interactions revealed by archeology. This pattern recapitulates the environmental and cultural differentiation between the fertile north, where altitudes are lower, and the arid south, where the Andes are higher, acting as a genetic barrier between the sharply different environments of the Andes and Amazonia. 2) The genetic homogenization between the populations of the arid Andes is not only due to migrations during the Inca Empire or the subsequent colonial period. It started at least during the earlier expansion of the Wari Empire (600 to 1,000 years before present). 3) This demographic history allowed for cases of positive natural selection in the high and arid Andes vs. the low Amazon tropical forest: in the Andes, a putative enhancer in HAND2-AS1 (heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 antisense RNA1, a noncoding gene related to cardiovascular function) and rs269868-C/Ser1067 in DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2, related to thyroid function and innate immunity) genes and, in the Amazon, the gene encoding for the CD45 protein, essential for antigen recognition by T and B lymphocytes in viral-host interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The genetic structure and adaptation of Andean highlanders and Amazonians are influenced by the interplay between geography and culture.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CD45+antigen%22">CD45 antigen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+selection%22">Natural selection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+population+genetics%22">Human population genetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22B+cells%22">B cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gene+flow%22">Gene flow</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Andes%22">Andes</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Western South America was one of the worldwide cradles of civilization. The well-known Inca Empire was the tip of the iceberg of an evolutionary process that started 11,000 to 14,000 years ago. Genetic data from 18 Peruvian populations reveal the following: 1) The between-population homogenization of the central southern Andes and its differentiation with respect to Amazonian populations of similar latitudes do not extend northward. Instead, longitudinal gene flow between the northern coast of Peru, Andes, and Amazonia accompanied cultural and socioeconomic interactions revealed by archeology. This pattern recapitulates the environmental and cultural differentiation between the fertile north, where altitudes are lower, and the arid south, where the Andes are higher, acting as a genetic barrier between the sharply different environments of the Andes and Amazonia. 2) The genetic homogenization between the populations of the arid Andes is not only due to migrations during the Inca Empire or the subsequent colonial period. It started at least during the earlier expansion of the Wari Empire (600 to 1,000 years before present). 3) This demographic history allowed for cases of positive natural selection in the high and arid Andes vs. the low Amazon tropical forest: in the Andes, a putative enhancer in HAND2-AS1 (heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 antisense RNA1, a noncoding gene related to cardiovascular function) and rs269868-C/Ser1067 in DUOX2 (dual oxidase 2, related to thyroid function and innate immunity) genes and, in the Amazon, the gene encoding for the CD45 protein, essential for antigen recognition by T and B lymphocytes in viral-host interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1073/pnas.2013773117
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
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      – SubjectFull: CD45 antigen
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Natural selection
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      – SubjectFull: Human population genetics
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      – SubjectFull: B cells
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      – SubjectFull: Gene flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Andes
        Type: general
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              Text: 12/22/2020
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