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Analysis of development and depth of backward erosion pipes in the presence of a coarse sand barrier.

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Title: Analysis of development and depth of backward erosion pipes in the presence of a coarse sand barrier.
Authors: Akrami, Sepideh1 (AUTHOR) Sepideh.akrami@ugent.be, Bezuijen, Adam1,2 (AUTHOR), van Beek, Vera2 (AUTHOR), Rosenbrand, Esther2 (AUTHOR), Terwindt, Jarno2 (AUTHOR), Förster, Ulrich2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Acta Geotechnica. 2021, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p381-397. 17p.
Subjects: Material erosion, Structural failures, Pipe, Erosion, Specific gravity, Sand
Geographic Terms: Netherlands
Abstract: Backward erosion piping (BEP) is a failure mechanism that can affect the safety of water-retaining structures. It can occur when a local anomaly on the downstream side of an embankment causes a concentration of seepage flow at that location. Shallow pipes may then form, progressing in the upstream direction and leading to a collapse of the water-retaining structure. A novel and economically appealing measure against BEP is the coarse sand barrier (CSB), which is now being developed in a multiscale experimental programme in the Netherlands. The method involves placing a trench filled with coarse sand below the blanket layer on the downstream side of the embankment. The CSB prevents the upstream progression of the pipe and significantly enhances resistance to BEP. This paper presents medium-scale laboratory tests involving a range of sands, barrier depths and relative densities. The piping process and the observations of pipe progression in the presence of a CSB are presented, followed by a conceptual model. The presence of a CSB changed the erosion pattern. It resulted in pipe formation perpendicular to the flow direction over the entire width of the barrier before the barrier was damaged. The findings also demonstrate the effect of material properties on pipe initiation, progression and pipe depth. Measurements of the pipe depth are presented and analysed, revealing the significance of pipe depth for understanding the piping process. This analysis shows considerable erosion in the downstream background sand and demonstrates that erosion profiles and measured pipe depths are significantly larger than in BEP tests without a CSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Geotechnica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Analysis of development and depth of backward erosion pipes in the presence of a coarse sand barrier.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akrami%2C+Sepideh%22">Akrami, Sepideh</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Sepideh.akrami@ugent.be</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bezuijen%2C+Adam%22">Bezuijen, Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Beek%2C+Vera%22">van Beek, Vera</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rosenbrand%2C+Esther%22">Rosenbrand, Esther</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Terwindt%2C+Jarno%22">Terwindt, Jarno</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Förster%2C+Ulrich%22">Förster, Ulrich</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Geotechnica%22">Acta Geotechnica</searchLink>. 2021, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p381-397. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Material+erosion%22">Material erosion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+failures%22">Structural failures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pipe%22">Pipe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Erosion%22">Erosion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Specific+gravity%22">Specific gravity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sand%22">Sand</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Netherlands%22">Netherlands</searchLink>
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  Data: Backward erosion piping (BEP) is a failure mechanism that can affect the safety of water-retaining structures. It can occur when a local anomaly on the downstream side of an embankment causes a concentration of seepage flow at that location. Shallow pipes may then form, progressing in the upstream direction and leading to a collapse of the water-retaining structure. A novel and economically appealing measure against BEP is the coarse sand barrier (CSB), which is now being developed in a multiscale experimental programme in the Netherlands. The method involves placing a trench filled with coarse sand below the blanket layer on the downstream side of the embankment. The CSB prevents the upstream progression of the pipe and significantly enhances resistance to BEP. This paper presents medium-scale laboratory tests involving a range of sands, barrier depths and relative densities. The piping process and the observations of pipe progression in the presence of a CSB are presented, followed by a conceptual model. The presence of a CSB changed the erosion pattern. It resulted in pipe formation perpendicular to the flow direction over the entire width of the barrier before the barrier was damaged. The findings also demonstrate the effect of material properties on pipe initiation, progression and pipe depth. Measurements of the pipe depth are presented and analysed, revealing the significance of pipe depth for understanding the piping process. This analysis shows considerable erosion in the downstream background sand and demonstrates that erosion profiles and measured pipe depths are significantly larger than in BEP tests without a CSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Geotechnica is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s11440-020-01053-0
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Material erosion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural failures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pipe
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Erosion
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      – SubjectFull: Specific gravity
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      – SubjectFull: Sand
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Netherlands
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      – TitleFull: Analysis of development and depth of backward erosion pipes in the presence of a coarse sand barrier.
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              Text: 2021
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