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Low-dose Bisphenol A and its analogues Bisphenol F and S activate estrogen receptor ß and slightly modulate genes in human gingival keratinocytes.

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Title: Low-dose Bisphenol A and its analogues Bisphenol F and S activate estrogen receptor ß and slightly modulate genes in human gingival keratinocytes.
Authors: Burkhardt, Felix1,2 (AUTHOR) felix.burkhardt@uniklinik-freiburg.de, Schulz, Simon Daniel1,2 (AUTHOR), Hellwig, Elmar3 (AUTHOR), Vach, Kirstin4 (AUTHOR), Tomakidi, Pascal2 (AUTHOR), Polydorou, Olga1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Dental Materials. Apr2021, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p625-635. 11p.
Subjects: Bisphenol A, Estrogen receptors, Human genes, Keratinocytes, Oral microbiology, Gene expression, Biomarkers
Abstract: • Bisphenol F and S show comparable hormonal properties to Bisphenol A. • Estrogen receptor ß in gingival keratinocytes is activated by Bisphenol A, F and S. • Bisphenol A and its analogues induce only marginal modulations of gene expression. This study investigated the putative activation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and possible effects related on gene expression in oral mucosal cells in response to the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS). Human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were exposed to BPA-, BPF-, and BPS-solutions in concentrations of 1.3 μM, 0.16 μM and 11.4 nM as well as 200 pM and 100 nM estradiol (E 2) for 6 h, 24 h and 4 d. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed to detect a possible ERβ activation. Additionally, transcription of keratinocyte-relevant biomarkers was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A linear mixed model and pairwise comparisons were applied for statistical analyses. The tested concentrations of BPA, BPF, BPS and E 2 revealed distinct activation of ERβ at all time periods, whereat 100 nM E 2 induced the most pronounced activation. Despite the detected ERβ activation, the concentrations of BPA and its analogues induced only moderate modulation of the tested keratinocyte-relevant biomarker genes at all time periods. This also applied to 200 pM E 2 , while in case of 100 nM E 2 significant changes (p < 0.05) were detected for almost all analyzed genes. Though BPA and its analogues induce activation of ERß irrespective from the chosen concentrations and incubation periods, they lack significant modulation of gene expression of keratinocyte-relevant biomarkers. Although limited to a selected number of genes, the sparse modulation of gene expression may give a hint that the substances do slightly affect transcription of gingival-keratinocyte-innate genes, since the concentrations applied to HGK were of physiological importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Dental Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Low-dose Bisphenol A and its analogues Bisphenol F and S activate estrogen receptor &#223; and slightly modulate genes in human gingival keratinocytes.
– Name: Author
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Burkhardt%2C+Felix%22&quot;&gt;Burkhardt, Felix&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; felix.burkhardt@uniklinik-freiburg.de&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Schulz%2C+Simon+Daniel%22&quot;&gt;Schulz, Simon Daniel&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Hellwig%2C+Elmar%22&quot;&gt;Hellwig, Elmar&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Vach%2C+Kirstin%22&quot;&gt;Vach, Kirstin&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Tomakidi%2C+Pascal%22&quot;&gt;Tomakidi, Pascal&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Polydorou%2C+Olga%22&quot;&gt;Polydorou, Olga&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,3&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Dental+Materials%22&quot;&gt;Dental Materials&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Apr2021, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p625-635. 11p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Bisphenol+A%22&quot;&gt;Bisphenol A&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Estrogen+receptors%22&quot;&gt;Estrogen receptors&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Human+genes%22&quot;&gt;Human genes&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Keratinocytes%22&quot;&gt;Keratinocytes&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Oral+microbiology%22&quot;&gt;Oral microbiology&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Gene+expression%22&quot;&gt;Gene expression&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Biomarkers%22&quot;&gt;Biomarkers&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • Bisphenol F and S show comparable hormonal properties to Bisphenol A. • Estrogen receptor &#223; in gingival keratinocytes is activated by Bisphenol A, F and S. • Bisphenol A and its analogues induce only marginal modulations of gene expression. This study investigated the putative activation of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and possible effects related on gene expression in oral mucosal cells in response to the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS). Human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were exposed to BPA-, BPF-, and BPS-solutions in concentrations of 1.3 μM, 0.16 μM and 11.4 nM as well as 200 pM and 100 nM estradiol (E 2) for 6 h, 24 h and 4 d. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed to detect a possible ERβ activation. Additionally, transcription of keratinocyte-relevant biomarkers was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A linear mixed model and pairwise comparisons were applied for statistical analyses. The tested concentrations of BPA, BPF, BPS and E 2 revealed distinct activation of ERβ at all time periods, whereat 100 nM E 2 induced the most pronounced activation. Despite the detected ERβ activation, the concentrations of BPA and its analogues induced only moderate modulation of the tested keratinocyte-relevant biomarker genes at all time periods. This also applied to 200 pM E 2 , while in case of 100 nM E 2 significant changes (p &lt; 0.05) were detected for almost all analyzed genes. Though BPA and its analogues induce activation of ER&#223; irrespective from the chosen concentrations and incubation periods, they lack significant modulation of gene expression of keratinocyte-relevant biomarkers. Although limited to a selected number of genes, the sparse modulation of gene expression may give a hint that the substances do slightly affect transcription of gingival-keratinocyte-innate genes, since the concentrations applied to HGK were of physiological importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Dental Materials is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.008
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 625
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Bisphenol A
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Estrogen receptors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Human genes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Keratinocytes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oral microbiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gene expression
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomarkers
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Low-dose Bisphenol A and its analogues Bisphenol F and S activate estrogen receptor ß and slightly modulate genes in human gingival keratinocytes.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Burkhardt, Felix
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          Name:
            NameFull: Schulz, Simon Daniel
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            NameFull: Hellwig, Elmar
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            NameFull: Vach, Kirstin
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            NameFull: Tomakidi, Pascal
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            NameFull: Polydorou, Olga
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            – D: 01
              M: 04
              Text: Apr2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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              Value: 01095641
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              Value: 37
            – Type: issue
              Value: 4
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Dental Materials
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