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Deactivation Mechanism of Palladium Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Butanol.

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Title: Deactivation Mechanism of Palladium Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Butanol.
Authors: Ezzhelenko, D. I.1 (AUTHOR), Nikolaev, S. A.1 (AUTHOR) serge2000@rambler.ru, Chistyakov, A. V.2 (AUTHOR), Chistyakova, P. A.2 (AUTHOR), Tsodikov, M. V.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Petroleum Chemistry. Apr2021, Vol. 61 Issue 4, p504-515. 12p.
Subjects: Palladium catalysts, Catalysts, Ethanol, Adsorption (Chemistry), Leaching
Abstract: A Pd/Al2O3 catalyst (Pd = 0.1 wt %) for ethanol conversion to butanol deactivates within 10 h of service, despite its high initial activity at 275°C. Probable deactivation mechanisms were explored, including poisoning of Pd/Al2O3 due to adsorption of by-products on Pd, sintering of Pd phases, leaching of Pd from the catalyst, changes in the Pd electronic state, changes in the catalyst's porous structure, and blockage of Al2O3 active sites. The Pd/Al2O3 deactivation was found to be mainly caused by CO molecules that evolved during side reactions. These molecules can either block Pd active sites due to the formation of strong Pd–CO complexes, or enter a CO disproportionation reaction to form carbon deposits on Pd phases. The knowledge gained from this study can be used for the targeted modification of Pd/Al2O3 and the creation of selective systems operating stably in the presence of by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Petroleum Chemistry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Deactivation Mechanism of Palladium Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Butanol.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Petroleum+Chemistry%22">Petroleum Chemistry</searchLink>. Apr2021, Vol. 61 Issue 4, p504-515. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Palladium+catalysts%22">Palladium catalysts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catalysts%22">Catalysts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethanol%22">Ethanol</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adsorption+%28Chemistry%29%22">Adsorption (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leaching%22">Leaching</searchLink>
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  Data: A Pd/Al2O3 catalyst (Pd = 0.1 wt %) for ethanol conversion to butanol deactivates within 10 h of service, despite its high initial activity at 275°C. Probable deactivation mechanisms were explored, including poisoning of Pd/Al2O3 due to adsorption of by-products on Pd, sintering of Pd phases, leaching of Pd from the catalyst, changes in the Pd electronic state, changes in the catalyst's porous structure, and blockage of Al2O3 active sites. The Pd/Al2O3 deactivation was found to be mainly caused by CO molecules that evolved during side reactions. These molecules can either block Pd active sites due to the formation of strong Pd–CO complexes, or enter a CO disproportionation reaction to form carbon deposits on Pd phases. The knowledge gained from this study can be used for the targeted modification of Pd/Al2O3 and the creation of selective systems operating stably in the presence of by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Petroleum Chemistry is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1134/S0965544121050017
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Palladium catalysts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Catalysts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethanol
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adsorption (Chemistry)
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      – SubjectFull: Leaching
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              Text: Apr2021
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