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The immune-enhancing effect of anthocyaninfucoidan nanocomplex in RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.

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Title: The immune-enhancing effect of anthocyaninfucoidan nanocomplex in RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.
Authors: Na-Ra Han1, Hyeong-Jin Kim2, Jin Soo Lee1, Hee-Yun Kim1, Phil-Dong Moon1,3, Hyung-Min Kim1 hmkim@khu.ac.kr, Hyun-Ja Jeong4,5 hjjeong@hoseo.edu
Source: Journal of Food Biochemistry. Apr2021, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p1-9. 9p.
Subjects: Tumor necrosis factors, Macrophage activation, Macrophages, Nitric-oxide synthases, Cytokines
Abstract: Aronia, a healthy fruit well known as black chokeberry, has health-promoting effects on hypertension, oxidative stress, and diabetes. Despite many reports of bioactivities of aronia, there is little scientific research on the potential for immune-enhancement. So, anthocyanin-fucoidan nanocomplex (AFNC, a nanocomplex of aronia extract and fucoidan) has been developed to improve immune-enhancement. This study aimed to identify immunomodulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of AFNC using RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. As a result, AFNC-treated RAW264.7 macrophages elevated the production of IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitric oxide (NO). AFNC-enhanced inducible NO synthase expression via nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. AFNC dosedependently increased levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, or IL-4 in the serum and spleen of immunosuppressed mice. Taken together, AFNC encourages the immune-enhancing activity through immunostimulatory cytokine production by activation of macrophage. Therefore, these results suggest that AFNC is useful for immunodeficiency-related disorders. Practical applications: In these days of prevalence of infectious diseases, individual immunity is very important. AFNC has the immune-enhancing effects through immunostimulatory cytokine production by activation of macrophage. Therefore, AFNC could be widely applied to ameliorate a variety of diseases caused by immunosuppression such as infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Food Biochemistry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The immune-enhancing effect of anthocyaninfucoidan nanocomplex in RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Na-Ra+Han%22">Na-Ra Han</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hyeong-Jin+Kim%22">Hyeong-Jin Kim</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jin+Soo+Lee%22">Jin Soo Lee</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hee-Yun+Kim%22">Hee-Yun Kim</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Phil-Dong+Moon%22">Phil-Dong Moon</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hyung-Min+Kim%22">Hyung-Min Kim</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> hmkim@khu.ac.kr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hyun-Ja+Jeong%22">Hyun-Ja Jeong</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo><i> hjjeong@hoseo.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Food+Biochemistry%22">Journal of Food Biochemistry</searchLink>. Apr2021, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p1-9. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tumor+necrosis+factors%22">Tumor necrosis factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Macrophage+activation%22">Macrophage activation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Macrophages%22">Macrophages</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitric-oxide+synthases%22">Nitric-oxide synthases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cytokines%22">Cytokines</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Aronia, a healthy fruit well known as black chokeberry, has health-promoting effects on hypertension, oxidative stress, and diabetes. Despite many reports of bioactivities of aronia, there is little scientific research on the potential for immune-enhancement. So, anthocyanin-fucoidan nanocomplex (AFNC, a nanocomplex of aronia extract and fucoidan) has been developed to improve immune-enhancement. This study aimed to identify immunomodulatory effects and underlying mechanisms of AFNC using RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. As a result, AFNC-treated RAW264.7 macrophages elevated the production of IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitric oxide (NO). AFNC-enhanced inducible NO synthase expression via nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. AFNC dosedependently increased levels of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, or IL-4 in the serum and spleen of immunosuppressed mice. Taken together, AFNC encourages the immune-enhancing activity through immunostimulatory cytokine production by activation of macrophage. Therefore, these results suggest that AFNC is useful for immunodeficiency-related disorders. Practical applications: In these days of prevalence of infectious diseases, individual immunity is very important. AFNC has the immune-enhancing effects through immunostimulatory cytokine production by activation of macrophage. Therefore, AFNC could be widely applied to ameliorate a variety of diseases caused by immunosuppression such as infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Food Biochemistry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/jfbc.13631
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Tumor necrosis factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Macrophage activation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Macrophages
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      – SubjectFull: Nitric-oxide synthases
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      – SubjectFull: Cytokines
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      – TitleFull: The immune-enhancing effect of anthocyaninfucoidan nanocomplex in RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice.
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            NameFull: Na-Ra Han
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            NameFull: Hyeong-Jin Kim
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              Text: Apr2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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              Value: 45
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