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Microbiology of a NaCl stalactite 'salticle' in Triassic halite.

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Title: Microbiology of a NaCl stalactite 'salticle' in Triassic halite.
Authors: Thompson, Thomas P.1 (AUTHOR), Kelly, Stephen A.1 (AUTHOR), Skvortsov, Timofey1 (AUTHOR), Plunkett, Gill2 (AUTHOR), Ruffell, Alastair2 (AUTHOR), Hallsworth, John E.3 (AUTHOR), Hopps, Jason4 (AUTHOR), Gilmore, Brendan F.1,3 (AUTHOR) b.gilmore@qub.ac.uk
Source: Environmental Microbiology. Jul2021, Vol. 23 Issue 7, p3881-3895. 15p.
Subjects: Fluid inclusions, Microbiology, Surface of the earth, Ionizing radiation, Salt deposits, Halophilic organisms, Salt
Abstract: Summary: Large regions of Earth's surface are underlain by salt deposits that evaporated from ancient oceans and are populated by extreme halophilic microbes. Some of these halophiles may have been preserved over geological timescales within hypersaline fluid inclusions, but ingresses of water and/or anthropogenic activities can lead to the formation of alternative habitats, including NaCl stalactites or other speleothems. While the microbiology of ancient evaporites has been well studied, the ecology of these recently formed structures is less‐well understood. Here, the microbiology of a NaCl stalactite ('salticle') in a Triassic halite mine is characterized. The specific aims were to determine the presence of fluid inclusions, determine the microbial structure of the salticle compared with a nearby brine‐pool and surficial soil, and characterize the ecophysiological capabilities of this unique ecosystem. The salticle contained fluid inclusions, and their microbiome was composed of Euryarchaetota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with Haloarchaea in greater abundance than brine‐pool or soil microbiomes. The salticle metagenome exhibited a greater abundance of genes involved in osmoregulation, anaerobic respiration, UV resistance, oxidative stress, and stress‐protein synthesis relative to the soil microbiome. We discuss the potential astrobiological implications of salticles as enclosed salt‐saturated habitats that are protected from ionizing radiation and have a stable water activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Microbiology of a NaCl stalactite 'salticle' in Triassic halite.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thompson%2C+Thomas+P%2E%22">Thompson, Thomas P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kelly%2C+Stephen+A%2E%22">Kelly, Stephen A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skvortsov%2C+Timofey%22">Skvortsov, Timofey</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Plunkett%2C+Gill%22">Plunkett, Gill</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ruffell%2C+Alastair%22">Ruffell, Alastair</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hallsworth%2C+John+E%2E%22">Hallsworth, John E.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hopps%2C+Jason%22">Hopps, Jason</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilmore%2C+Brendan+F%2E%22">Gilmore, Brendan F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> b.gilmore@qub.ac.uk</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Microbiology%22">Environmental Microbiology</searchLink>. Jul2021, Vol. 23 Issue 7, p3881-3895. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+inclusions%22">Fluid inclusions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbiology%22">Microbiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+of+the+earth%22">Surface of the earth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionizing+radiation%22">Ionizing radiation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salt+deposits%22">Salt deposits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Halophilic+organisms%22">Halophilic organisms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salt%22">Salt</searchLink>
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  Data: Summary: Large regions of Earth's surface are underlain by salt deposits that evaporated from ancient oceans and are populated by extreme halophilic microbes. Some of these halophiles may have been preserved over geological timescales within hypersaline fluid inclusions, but ingresses of water and/or anthropogenic activities can lead to the formation of alternative habitats, including NaCl stalactites or other speleothems. While the microbiology of ancient evaporites has been well studied, the ecology of these recently formed structures is less‐well understood. Here, the microbiology of a NaCl stalactite ('salticle') in a Triassic halite mine is characterized. The specific aims were to determine the presence of fluid inclusions, determine the microbial structure of the salticle compared with a nearby brine‐pool and surficial soil, and characterize the ecophysiological capabilities of this unique ecosystem. The salticle contained fluid inclusions, and their microbiome was composed of Euryarchaetota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with Haloarchaea in greater abundance than brine‐pool or soil microbiomes. The salticle metagenome exhibited a greater abundance of genes involved in osmoregulation, anaerobic respiration, UV resistance, oxidative stress, and stress‐protein synthesis relative to the soil microbiome. We discuss the potential astrobiological implications of salticles as enclosed salt‐saturated habitats that are protected from ionizing radiation and have a stable water activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/1462-2920.15524
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 3881
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      – SubjectFull: Fluid inclusions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microbiology
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      – SubjectFull: Surface of the earth
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      – SubjectFull: Ionizing radiation
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      – SubjectFull: Salt deposits
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      – SubjectFull: Halophilic organisms
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      – SubjectFull: Salt
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      – TitleFull: Microbiology of a NaCl stalactite 'salticle' in Triassic halite.
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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