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Determination of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in paired hair and nail samples.

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Title: Determination of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in paired hair and nail samples.
Authors: Cobo-Golpe, María1, de-Castro-Ríos, Ana1, Cruz, Angelines1, Páramo, Mario2, López-Rivadulla, Manuel1, Lendoiro, Elena1 elena.lendoiro@usc.es
Source: Forensic Science International. Sep2021, Vol. 326, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Antidepressants, Benzodiazepines, Psychiatric drugs, Antifungal agents, Mass spectrometry
Abstract: Hair and nails are keratinized matrices that can be used in Toxicology as matrices for the long-term detection of substances. Whereas hair is an established matrix with decades of use in this field, nails have been less studied, especially including a comparison to hair samples. Specifically in the case of antidepressant and benzodiazepine drugs, very few publications analyzing these drugs in nail samples exist as of yet. For this reason, in the present study a method for the detection of 12 antidepressant and benzodiazepine drugs in hair and nail samples was developed. Samples were decontaminated with 3 washes of dichloromethane, and 25 or 30 mg of hair and nails, respectively, were pulverized. Then, the samples were incubated with 1.5 mL water:ACN (50:50, v/v) with horizontal agitation for 90 min. The supernatant was evaporated and reconstituted in 200 µL of methanol and 2 mL of 2% FA in water, submitted to solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis MCX cartridges and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The method was satisfactorily validated in nail and hair samples for the following parameters: linearity, LOD (0.005-0.02 ng/mg), LOQ (0.01-0.02 ng/mg), selectivity, carryover, accuracy, imprecision, matrix effect, extraction efficiency, process efficiency and autosampler stability. Matched fingernail, toenail and hair samples were obtained from 21 patients under treatment with any of the studied drugs and analyzed with the developed method. The most frequently detected drugs were venlafaxine (n = 11), trazodone (n = 6), zolpidem (n = 5), alprazolam (n = 5) and nordiazepam (n = 5). Concentrations in hair, fingernails and toenails, respectively, were 44.31 ng/mg, 8.05-43.35 ng/mg and 7.02-22.69 ng/mg for venlafaxine; 5.40-19.08 ng/mg, 0.13-1.00 ng/mg and 0.42-1.04 ng/mg for trazodone; 13.86 ng/mg, 5.19 ng/mg and 9.11 ng/mg for fluoxetine; 7.42 ng/mg, 1.85 ng/mg and 0.03-2.81 ng/mg for sertraline; 0.40-1.42 ng/mg, 0.12 ng/mg and 0.16 ng/mg for zolpidem; and 0.02-0.11 ng/mg, 0.07-1.07 ng/mg and 0.05 ng/mg for alprazolam for the patients under active treatment. Hair concentrations were higher than nail concentrations for most drugs in patients under active treatment, with the exception of diazepam (n = 1; 0.12 ng/mg in hair and 0.41 ng/mg in fingernails). Fingernail concentrations were lower than toenail concentrations in patients under active treatment in most compared cases. Comparison of fingernails and toenails of a patient with antifungal treatment did not show an observable effect in concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Forensic Science International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Determination of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in paired hair and nail samples.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cobo-Golpe%2C+María%22">Cobo-Golpe, María</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de-Castro-Ríos%2C+Ana%22">de-Castro-Ríos, Ana</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cruz%2C+Angelines%22">Cruz, Angelines</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Páramo%2C+Mario%22">Páramo, Mario</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22López-Rivadulla%2C+Manuel%22">López-Rivadulla, Manuel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lendoiro%2C+Elena%22">Lendoiro, Elena</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> elena.lendoiro@usc.es</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Forensic+Science+International%22">Forensic Science International</searchLink>. Sep2021, Vol. 326, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antidepressants%22">Antidepressants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Benzodiazepines%22">Benzodiazepines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychiatric+drugs%22">Psychiatric drugs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Antifungal+agents%22">Antifungal agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mass+spectrometry%22">Mass spectrometry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Hair and nails are keratinized matrices that can be used in Toxicology as matrices for the long-term detection of substances. Whereas hair is an established matrix with decades of use in this field, nails have been less studied, especially including a comparison to hair samples. Specifically in the case of antidepressant and benzodiazepine drugs, very few publications analyzing these drugs in nail samples exist as of yet. For this reason, in the present study a method for the detection of 12 antidepressant and benzodiazepine drugs in hair and nail samples was developed. Samples were decontaminated with 3 washes of dichloromethane, and 25 or 30 mg of hair and nails, respectively, were pulverized. Then, the samples were incubated with 1.5 mL water:ACN (50:50, v/v) with horizontal agitation for 90 min. The supernatant was evaporated and reconstituted in 200 µL of methanol and 2 mL of 2% FA in water, submitted to solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis MCX cartridges and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The method was satisfactorily validated in nail and hair samples for the following parameters: linearity, LOD (0.005-0.02 ng/mg), LOQ (0.01-0.02 ng/mg), selectivity, carryover, accuracy, imprecision, matrix effect, extraction efficiency, process efficiency and autosampler stability. Matched fingernail, toenail and hair samples were obtained from 21 patients under treatment with any of the studied drugs and analyzed with the developed method. The most frequently detected drugs were venlafaxine (n = 11), trazodone (n = 6), zolpidem (n = 5), alprazolam (n = 5) and nordiazepam (n = 5). Concentrations in hair, fingernails and toenails, respectively, were 44.31 ng/mg, 8.05-43.35 ng/mg and 7.02-22.69 ng/mg for venlafaxine; 5.40-19.08 ng/mg, 0.13-1.00 ng/mg and 0.42-1.04 ng/mg for trazodone; 13.86 ng/mg, 5.19 ng/mg and 9.11 ng/mg for fluoxetine; 7.42 ng/mg, 1.85 ng/mg and 0.03-2.81 ng/mg for sertraline; 0.40-1.42 ng/mg, 0.12 ng/mg and 0.16 ng/mg for zolpidem; and 0.02-0.11 ng/mg, 0.07-1.07 ng/mg and 0.05 ng/mg for alprazolam for the patients under active treatment. Hair concentrations were higher than nail concentrations for most drugs in patients under active treatment, with the exception of diazepam (n = 1; 0.12 ng/mg in hair and 0.41 ng/mg in fingernails). Fingernail concentrations were lower than toenail concentrations in patients under active treatment in most compared cases. Comparison of fingernails and toenails of a patient with antifungal treatment did not show an observable effect in concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Forensic Science International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110935
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Antidepressants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Benzodiazepines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychiatric drugs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antifungal agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mass spectrometry
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Determination of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in paired hair and nail samples.
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            NameFull: Cobo-Golpe, María
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            NameFull: de-Castro-Ríos, Ana
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            NameFull: Cruz, Angelines
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            NameFull: López-Rivadulla, Manuel
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            NameFull: Lendoiro, Elena
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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              Value: 326
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