The Effect of Precursor Concentration on the Particle Size, Crystal Size, and Optical Energy Gap of Ce x Sn 1−x O 2 Nanofabrication.
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| Title: | The Effect of Precursor Concentration on the Particle Size, Crystal Size, and Optical Energy Gap of Ce x Sn 1−x O 2 Nanofabrication. |
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| Authors: | Al-Hada, Naif Mohammed1,2,3 (AUTHOR) abdullah2803@gmail.com, Md. Kasmani, Rafiziana2 (AUTHOR) mouneersaleh@yahoo.com, Kasim, Hairoladenan4 (AUTHOR) naifalhada@yahoo.com, Al-Ghaili, Abbas M.5 (AUTHOR) naifalhada@yahoo.com, Saleh, Muneer Aziz2 (AUTHOR), Banoqitah, Essam M.6 (AUTHOR) ebanoqitah@kau.edu.sa, Alhawsawi, Abdulsalam M.6,7 (AUTHOR) amalhawsawi@kau.edu.sa, Baqer, Anwar Ali8 (AUTHOR) anwaralibaqerkram@yahoo.com, Liu, Jian1 (AUTHOR) shicaixu@dzu.edu.cn, Xu, Shicai1 (AUTHOR) qiangli_chem@hotmail.com, Li, Qiang1 (AUTHOR), Noorazlan, Azlan Muhammad9 (AUTHOR) Azlanmn@fsmt.upsi.edu.my, Ahmed, Abdullah A. A.3,10 (AUTHOR), Flaifel, Moayad Husein11,12 (AUTHOR) physci2007@gmail.com, Paiman, Suriati13 (AUTHOR) suriati@upm.edu.my, Nazrin, Nazirul13 (AUTHOR) nazirulnazrin@ymail.com, Ali Al-Asbahi, Bandar14 (AUTHOR) balasbahi@ksu.edu.sa, Wang, Jihua1 (AUTHOR) naifalhada@yahoo.com |
| Source: | Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Aug2021, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p2143. 1p. |
| Subjects: | Band gaps, Tin, Visible spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Nanofabrication, Energy bands |
| Abstract: | In the present work, a thermal treatment technique is applied for the synthesis of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. Using this method has developed understanding of how lower and higher precursor values affect the morphology, structure, and optical properties of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticle synthesis involves a reaction between cerium and tin sources, namely, cerium nitrate hexahydrate and tin (II) chloride dihydrate, respectively, and the capping agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The findings indicate that lower x values yield smaller particle size with a higher energy band gap, while higher x values yield a larger particle size with a smaller energy band gap. Thus, products with lower x values may be suitable for antibacterial activity applications as smaller particles can diffuse through the cell wall faster, while products with higher x values may be suitable for solar cell energy applications as more electrons can be generated at larger particle sizes. The synthesized samples were profiled via a number of methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). As revealed by the XRD pattern analysis, the CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles formed after calcination reflect the cubic fluorite structure and cassiterite-type tetragonal structure of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. Meanwhile, using FT-IR analysis, Ce-O and Sn-O were confirmed as the primary bonds of ready CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticle samples, whilst TEM analysis highlighted that the average particle size was in the range 6−21 nm as the precursor concentration (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) increased from 0.00 to 1.00. Moreover, the diffuse UV-visible reflectance spectra used to determine the optical band gap based on the Kubelka–Munk equation showed that an increase in x value has caused a decrease in the energy band gap and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | In the present work, a thermal treatment technique is applied for the synthesis of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. Using this method has developed understanding of how lower and higher precursor values affect the morphology, structure, and optical properties of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticle synthesis involves a reaction between cerium and tin sources, namely, cerium nitrate hexahydrate and tin (II) chloride dihydrate, respectively, and the capping agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The findings indicate that lower x values yield smaller particle size with a higher energy band gap, while higher x values yield a larger particle size with a smaller energy band gap. Thus, products with lower x values may be suitable for antibacterial activity applications as smaller particles can diffuse through the cell wall faster, while products with higher x values may be suitable for solar cell energy applications as more electrons can be generated at larger particle sizes. The synthesized samples were profiled via a number of methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). As revealed by the XRD pattern analysis, the CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles formed after calcination reflect the cubic fluorite structure and cassiterite-type tetragonal structure of CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticles. Meanwhile, using FT-IR analysis, Ce-O and Sn-O were confirmed as the primary bonds of ready CexSn1−xO2 nanoparticle samples, whilst TEM analysis highlighted that the average particle size was in the range 6−21 nm as the precursor concentration (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O) increased from 0.00 to 1.00. Moreover, the diffuse UV-visible reflectance spectra used to determine the optical band gap based on the Kubelka–Munk equation showed that an increase in x value has caused a decrease in the energy band gap and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 20794991 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nano11082143 |
