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Different rates of pollen and seed gene flow cause branch‐length and geographic cytonuclear discordance within Asian butternuts.

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Title: Different rates of pollen and seed gene flow cause branch‐length and geographic cytonuclear discordance within Asian butternuts.
Authors: Xu, Lin‐Lin1 (AUTHOR), Yu, Rui‐Min1 (AUTHOR), Lin, Xin‐Rui1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Bo‐Wen1,2 (AUTHOR), Li, Nan1 (AUTHOR), Lin, Kui1 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Da‐Yong1 (AUTHOR), Bai, Wei‐Ning1 (AUTHOR) baiwn@bnu.edu.cn
Source: New Phytologist. Oct2021, Vol. 232 Issue 1, p388-403. 16p.
Subjects: Gene flow, Pollen, Chloroplast DNA, Fix-point estimation, Chloroplasts, Seeds
Abstract: Summary: Topological cytonuclear discordance is commonly observed in plant phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies, yet few studies have attempted to detect two other forms of cytonuclear discordance (branch length and geographical) and to uncover the causes of the discordance.We used the whole nuclear and chloroplast genome data from 80 individual Asian butternuts to reveal the pattern and processes of cytonuclear discordance.Our findings indicate that the chloroplast genome had substantially deeper divergence (branch‐length discordance) and a steeper cline in the contact zone (geographic discordance) compared with the nuclear genome. After various hypothesis have been tested, the results suggest that incomplete lineage sorting, positive selection and cytonuclear incompatibility are probably insufficient to explain this pattern. However, isolation‐by‐distance analysis and gene flow estimation point to a much higher level of gene flow by pollen compared with by seeds, which may have slowed down lineage divergence and mediated wider contact for nuclear genome compared with the chloroplast genome.Altogether, this study highlights a critical role of sex‐biased dispersal in causing discordance between the nuclear and plastid genome of Asian butternuts. Given its ubiquity among plants, asymmetric gene flow should be given a high priority in future studies of cytonuclear discordance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of New Phytologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
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  Data: Different rates of pollen and seed gene flow cause branch‐length and geographic cytonuclear discordance within Asian butternuts.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu%2C+Lin‐Lin%22">Xu, Lin‐Lin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Rui‐Min%22">Yu, Rui‐Min</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Xin‐Rui%22">Lin, Xin‐Rui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Bo‐Wen%22">Zhang, Bo‐Wen</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Nan%22">Li, Nan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Kui%22">Lin, Kui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Da‐Yong%22">Zhang, Da‐Yong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bai%2C+Wei‐Ning%22">Bai, Wei‐Ning</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> baiwn@bnu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22New+Phytologist%22">New Phytologist</searchLink>. Oct2021, Vol. 232 Issue 1, p388-403. 16p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gene+flow%22">Gene flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pollen%22">Pollen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chloroplast+DNA%22">Chloroplast DNA</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fix-point+estimation%22">Fix-point estimation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chloroplasts%22">Chloroplasts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Seeds%22">Seeds</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Summary: Topological cytonuclear discordance is commonly observed in plant phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies, yet few studies have attempted to detect two other forms of cytonuclear discordance (branch length and geographical) and to uncover the causes of the discordance.We used the whole nuclear and chloroplast genome data from 80 individual Asian butternuts to reveal the pattern and processes of cytonuclear discordance.Our findings indicate that the chloroplast genome had substantially deeper divergence (branch‐length discordance) and a steeper cline in the contact zone (geographic discordance) compared with the nuclear genome. After various hypothesis have been tested, the results suggest that incomplete lineage sorting, positive selection and cytonuclear incompatibility are probably insufficient to explain this pattern. However, isolation‐by‐distance analysis and gene flow estimation point to a much higher level of gene flow by pollen compared with by seeds, which may have slowed down lineage divergence and mediated wider contact for nuclear genome compared with the chloroplast genome.Altogether, this study highlights a critical role of sex‐biased dispersal in causing discordance between the nuclear and plastid genome of Asian butternuts. Given its ubiquity among plants, asymmetric gene flow should be given a high priority in future studies of cytonuclear discordance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of New Phytologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/nph.17564
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 388
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Gene flow
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pollen
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chloroplast DNA
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fix-point estimation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chloroplasts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Seeds
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Different rates of pollen and seed gene flow cause branch‐length and geographic cytonuclear discordance within Asian butternuts.
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            NameFull: Xu, Lin‐Lin
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            NameFull: Yu, Rui‐Min
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            NameFull: Zhang, Bo‐Wen
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            NameFull: Li, Nan
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              M: 10
              Text: Oct2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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