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Impact of Global Warming on Snow in Ski Areas: A Case Study Using a Regional Climate Simulation over the Interior Western United States.

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Title: Impact of Global Warming on Snow in Ski Areas: A Case Study Using a Regional Climate Simulation over the Interior Western United States.
Authors: LACKNER, CHRISTIAN PHILIPP1,2 (AUTHOR), GEERTS, BART1 (AUTHOR) geerts@uwyo.edu, WANG, YONGGANG3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology. May2021, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p677-694. 18p.
Subjects: Computer simulation of climate change, Long-range weather forecasting, Snow accumulation, Precipitation forecasting, Snow-water equivalent, Ski slopes
Abstract: A high-resolution (4 km) regional climate simulation conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is used to investigate potential impacts of global warming on skiing conditions in the interior western United States (IWUS). Recent-past and near-future climate conditions are compared. The past climate period is from November 1981 to October 2011. The future climate applies to a 30-yr period centered on 2050. A pseudo–global warming approach is used, with the driver reanalysis dataset perturbed by the CMIP5 ensemble mean model guidance. Using the 30-yr retrospective simulation, a vertical adjustment technique is used to determine meteorological parameters in the complex terrain where ski areas are located. For snow water equivalent (SWE), Snowpack Telemetry sites close to ski areas are used to validate the technique and apply a correction to SWE in ski areas. The vulnerability to climate change is assessed for 71 ski areas in the IWUS considering SWE, artificially produced snow, temperature, and rain; 20 of the ski areas will tend to have fewer than 100 days per season with sufficient natural and artificial snow for skiing. These ski areas are located at either low elevations or low latitudes, making these areas the most vulnerable to climate change. Throughout the snow season, natural SWE decreases significantly at the low elevations and low latitudes. At higher elevations, changes in SWE are predicted to not be significant in the midseason. In mid-February, SWE decreases by 11.8% at the top elevations of ski areas and decreases by 25.8% at the base elevations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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  Data: Impact of Global Warming on Snow in Ski Areas: A Case Study Using a Regional Climate Simulation over the Interior Western United States.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation+of+climate+change%22">Computer simulation of climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Long-range+weather+forecasting%22">Long-range weather forecasting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Snow+accumulation%22">Snow accumulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Precipitation+forecasting%22">Precipitation forecasting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Snow-water+equivalent%22">Snow-water equivalent</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ski+slopes%22">Ski slopes</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: A high-resolution (4 km) regional climate simulation conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is used to investigate potential impacts of global warming on skiing conditions in the interior western United States (IWUS). Recent-past and near-future climate conditions are compared. The past climate period is from November 1981 to October 2011. The future climate applies to a 30-yr period centered on 2050. A pseudo–global warming approach is used, with the driver reanalysis dataset perturbed by the CMIP5 ensemble mean model guidance. Using the 30-yr retrospective simulation, a vertical adjustment technique is used to determine meteorological parameters in the complex terrain where ski areas are located. For snow water equivalent (SWE), Snowpack Telemetry sites close to ski areas are used to validate the technique and apply a correction to SWE in ski areas. The vulnerability to climate change is assessed for 71 ski areas in the IWUS considering SWE, artificially produced snow, temperature, and rain; 20 of the ski areas will tend to have fewer than 100 days per season with sufficient natural and artificial snow for skiing. These ski areas are located at either low elevations or low latitudes, making these areas the most vulnerable to climate change. Throughout the snow season, natural SWE decreases significantly at the low elevations and low latitudes. At higher elevations, changes in SWE are predicted to not be significant in the midseason. In mid-February, SWE decreases by 11.8% at the top elevations of ski areas and decreases by 25.8% at the base elevations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0155.1
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
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      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation of climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Long-range weather forecasting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Snow accumulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Precipitation forecasting
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      – SubjectFull: Snow-water equivalent
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ski slopes
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Impact of Global Warming on Snow in Ski Areas: A Case Study Using a Regional Climate Simulation over the Interior Western United States.
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            NameFull: LACKNER, CHRISTIAN PHILIPP
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            NameFull: GEERTS, BART
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            NameFull: WANG, YONGGANG
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              M: 05
              Text: May2021
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              Y: 2021
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