Selective crystallization of four bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanoid(III) polymorphs.

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Title: Selective crystallization of four bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanoid(III) polymorphs.
Authors: Dailey, Maegan1 (AUTHOR), Besson, Claire1 (AUTHOR) Claire_Besson@gwu.edu
Source: CrystEngComm. 10/28/2021, Vol. 23 Issue 40, p7151-7161. 11p.
Subjects: Molecular structure, Molecular crystals, Crystallization, Oxidizing agents, Electrocrystallization, Sublimation (Chemistry)
Abstract: Bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanoid(III) (LnPc2) complexes have attracted significant attention for their exceptional optical, electronic and magnetic properties. Crystallization of these compounds usually requires cumbersome methods such as sublimation and electrocrystallization, which is a significant limitation to both structural determinations and the preparation of high purity materials at scale. We report here the selective crystallization of four polymorphs of LnPc2 obtained exclusively by the slow evaporation of saturated solutions. The obtained phase depends on the initial oxidation state of the LnPc2 molecule and the choice of solvent. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were used to determine 14 new structures including Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er and Yb, as well as correct previous mis-identifications from the literature. We provide a detailed comparison of molecular structure and crystal packing in all LnPc2 polymorphs. The primary feature in all phases is columnar stacking based on parallel π–π interactions, with a variety of slip angles within those stacks as well as secondary interactions between them. Chemical redox and acid–base titrations, performed on re-dissolved crystals demonstrate that LnPc2+ and LnPc2− are easily obtained through weak oxidizing and reducing agents, respectively. Additionally, we show that the protonated form of the NdPc2− complex has a nearly identical UV-vis spectrum to that of neutral NdPc2, explaining some of the confusion over chemical composition in previously published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of CrystEngComm is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Selective crystallization of four bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanoid(III) polymorphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dailey%2C+Maegan%22">Dailey, Maegan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Besson%2C+Claire%22">Besson, Claire</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Claire_Besson@gwu.edu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22CrystEngComm%22">CrystEngComm</searchLink>. 10/28/2021, Vol. 23 Issue 40, p7151-7161. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Molecular+structure%22">Molecular structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Molecular+crystals%22">Molecular crystals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crystallization%22">Crystallization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidizing+agents%22">Oxidizing agents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electrocrystallization%22">Electrocrystallization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sublimation+%28Chemistry%29%22">Sublimation (Chemistry)</searchLink>
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  Data: Bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanoid(III) (LnPc2) complexes have attracted significant attention for their exceptional optical, electronic and magnetic properties. Crystallization of these compounds usually requires cumbersome methods such as sublimation and electrocrystallization, which is a significant limitation to both structural determinations and the preparation of high purity materials at scale. We report here the selective crystallization of four polymorphs of LnPc2 obtained exclusively by the slow evaporation of saturated solutions. The obtained phase depends on the initial oxidation state of the LnPc2 molecule and the choice of solvent. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies were used to determine 14 new structures including Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er and Yb, as well as correct previous mis-identifications from the literature. We provide a detailed comparison of molecular structure and crystal packing in all LnPc2 polymorphs. The primary feature in all phases is columnar stacking based on parallel π–π interactions, with a variety of slip angles within those stacks as well as secondary interactions between them. Chemical redox and acid–base titrations, performed on re-dissolved crystals demonstrate that LnPc2+ and LnPc2− are easily obtained through weak oxidizing and reducing agents, respectively. Additionally, we show that the protonated form of the NdPc2− complex has a nearly identical UV-vis spectrum to that of neutral NdPc2, explaining some of the confusion over chemical composition in previously published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of CrystEngComm is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1039/d1ce00936b
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Molecular structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Molecular crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crystallization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxidizing agents
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      – SubjectFull: Electrocrystallization
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      – SubjectFull: Sublimation (Chemistry)
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      – TitleFull: Selective crystallization of four bis(phthalocyaninato)lanthanoid(III) polymorphs.
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              Text: 10/28/2021
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              Y: 2021
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