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A colour portrait of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov.

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Title: A colour portrait of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov.
Authors: Mazzotta Epifani, E.1 (AUTHOR) elena.mazzottaepifani@inaf.it, Dotto, E.1 (AUTHOR), Perna, D.1 (AUTHOR), Ieva, S.1 (AUTHOR), Giunta, A.2 (AUTHOR), Palumbo, P.3,4 (AUTHOR), Micheli, M.5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Planetary & Space Science. Nov2021, Vol. 208, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Comets, Solar system, Color
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to report on the results of a multicolour observing campaign performed at the LBT on the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov during three epochs while target was approaching its perihelion: UBVRI images have been observed in October and December 2019, when the comet was at ∼2.3 and 2.0 au from the Sun, respectively. Comet Borisov presented a rather complex morphology, especially in the December observing epoch, when a bi-lobate structure on a global scale was visible, with a jet-like structure characterised by a disconnection event, probably due to the presence of an active area on the nucleus' surface combined with its rotational properties. U – B colour, measured for the first time for this comet, monotonically decreases as Borisov approaches perihelion, from 0.35 ± 0.05 in October 19th to −0.07 ± 0.05 in December 2nd; B – V colour shows a more chaotic behaviour, with values for October epochs quite similar to solar colours, and a higher value of 0.76 ± 0.04 in December 2nd, probably due to a combination of an increase of the B flux (CN emission) and of an increase in V flux (due to C 2). V – R and R–I colours derived in both the October and December observing epochs depict a scenario of a coma slightly redder than the Sun, with a RI-reddening value of ∼11%/1000 Å and ∼5%/1000 Å, respectively. The R- A f ρ at the reference aperture of r ∼104 km from the optocentre slightly decreases from ∼100 cm (October) to ∼ 70 cm (December), showing that the Borisov's dust environment is quite similar to those of Short Period Comets of our Solar System. The application of a first-order photometric model, with the plausible scenario of grains with radius a = 100 μm and bulk density ρ d = 1000 kg/m3 moving at v d in the range of 3–30 m/s, allows to derive a dust production rate Q d decrease from a range of 3–25 kg/s in October to a range of 2–18 kg/s in December. All these results confirm that the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov has a coma environment quite similar to that of the Short Period Comets (mostly Jupiter Family targets) orbiting in our inner Solar System. • Complex Borisov's coma morphology, with global scale coma structures. • UBVRI photometry of Borisov's coma to study dust and gas colours and their variation. • Dust production rate and Af ρ parameter very similar to those of our Solar System SPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A colour portrait of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mazzotta+Epifani%2C+E%2E%22">Mazzotta Epifani, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> elena.mazzottaepifani@inaf.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dotto%2C+E%2E%22">Dotto, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perna%2C+D%2E%22">Perna, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ieva%2C+S%2E%22">Ieva, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giunta%2C+A%2E%22">Giunta, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Palumbo%2C+P%2E%22">Palumbo, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Micheli%2C+M%2E%22">Micheli, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Planetary+%26+Space+Science%22">Planetary & Space Science</searchLink>. Nov2021, Vol. 208, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comets%22">Comets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+system%22">Solar system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Color%22">Color</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The aim of this paper is to report on the results of a multicolour observing campaign performed at the LBT on the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov during three epochs while target was approaching its perihelion: UBVRI images have been observed in October and December 2019, when the comet was at ∼2.3 and 2.0 au from the Sun, respectively. Comet Borisov presented a rather complex morphology, especially in the December observing epoch, when a bi-lobate structure on a global scale was visible, with a jet-like structure characterised by a disconnection event, probably due to the presence of an active area on the nucleus' surface combined with its rotational properties. U – B colour, measured for the first time for this comet, monotonically decreases as Borisov approaches perihelion, from 0.35 ± 0.05 in October 19th to −0.07 ± 0.05 in December 2nd; B – V colour shows a more chaotic behaviour, with values for October epochs quite similar to solar colours, and a higher value of 0.76 ± 0.04 in December 2nd, probably due to a combination of an increase of the B flux (CN emission) and of an increase in V flux (due to C 2). V – R and R–I colours derived in both the October and December observing epochs depict a scenario of a coma slightly redder than the Sun, with a RI-reddening value of ∼11%/1000 Å and ∼5%/1000 Å, respectively. The R- A f ρ at the reference aperture of r ∼104 km from the optocentre slightly decreases from ∼100 cm (October) to ∼ 70 cm (December), showing that the Borisov's dust environment is quite similar to those of Short Period Comets of our Solar System. The application of a first-order photometric model, with the plausible scenario of grains with radius a = 100 μm and bulk density ρ d = 1000 kg/m3 moving at v d in the range of 3–30 m/s, allows to derive a dust production rate Q d decrease from a range of 3–25 kg/s in October to a range of 2–18 kg/s in December. All these results confirm that the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov has a coma environment quite similar to that of the Short Period Comets (mostly Jupiter Family targets) orbiting in our inner Solar System. • Complex Borisov's coma morphology, with global scale coma structures. • UBVRI photometry of Borisov's coma to study dust and gas colours and their variation. • Dust production rate and Af ρ parameter very similar to those of our Solar System SPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.pss.2021.105341
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Comets
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar system
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Color
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: A colour portrait of the interstellar comet 2I/Borisov.
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              Text: Nov2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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              Value: 208
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