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Is HFPO-DA (GenX) a suitable substitute for PFOA? A comprehensive degradation comparison of PFOA and GenX via electrooxidation.

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Title: Is HFPO-DA (GenX) a suitable substitute for PFOA? A comprehensive degradation comparison of PFOA and GenX via electrooxidation.
Authors: Yang, Li-Hui1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Wen-Jian1 (AUTHOR), Lv, Si-Hao1 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Ting-Ting2 (AUTHOR), Adeel Sharif, Hafiz Muhammad3 (AUTHOR), Yang, Cao1 (AUTHOR), Du, Juan1 (AUTHOR), Lin, Hui1 (AUTHOR) linhui@dgut.edu.cn
Source: Environmental Research. Mar2022:Part A, Vol. 204, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Environmental protection, Energy consumption, Perfluorooctanoic acid, Anodes, Titanium, Bioaccumulation, Oxidation
Abstract: Due to the potential hazard of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, GenX) has become a typical alternative since 2009. However, GenX has recently been reported to have equal or even greater toxicity and bioaccumulation than PFOA. Considering the suitability of alternatives, it is quite essential to study and compare the degradation degree between PFOA and GenX in water. Therefore, in the present study, a comprehensive degradation comparison between them via electrooxidation with a titanium suboxide membrane anode was conducted. The degradation rate decreased throughout for PFOA, while it first increased and then decreased for GenX when the permeate flux increased from 17.3 L to 100.3 L m−2·h−1. The different responses of PFOA and GenX to flux might be attributed to their different solubilities. In addition, the higher k obs of PFOA demonstrated that it had a better degradability than GenX by 2.4-fold in a mixed solution. The fluorinated byproduct perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA) was detected as a GenX intermediate, suggesting that ether bridge splitting was needed for GenX electrooxidation. This study provides a reference for assessing the degradability of GenX and PFOA and indicates that it is worth reconsidering whether GenX is a suitable alternative for PFOA from the point of view of environmental protection. • A degradation comparison between PFOA and GenX via electrooxidation was conducted. • PFOA demonstrated the higher degradation rates than GenX under different conditions. • The intermediate PFPrA suggested ether bridge split was necessary for GenX degradation. • The commercial anode has some application prospects since the low energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Is HFPO-DA (GenX) a suitable substitute for PFOA? A comprehensive degradation comparison of PFOA and GenX via electrooxidation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Li-Hui%22">Yang, Li-Hui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Wen-Jian%22">Yang, Wen-Jian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lv%2C+Si-Hao%22">Lv, Si-Hao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Ting-Ting%22">Zhu, Ting-Ting</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adeel+Sharif%2C+Hafiz+Muhammad%22">Adeel Sharif, Hafiz Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Cao%22">Yang, Cao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Du%2C+Juan%22">Du, Juan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Hui%22">Lin, Hui</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> linhui@dgut.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Research%22">Environmental Research</searchLink>. Mar2022:Part A, Vol. 204, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+protection%22">Environmental protection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perfluorooctanoic+acid%22">Perfluorooctanoic acid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anodes%22">Anodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium%22">Titanium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bioaccumulation%22">Bioaccumulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidation%22">Oxidation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Due to the potential hazard of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, GenX) has become a typical alternative since 2009. However, GenX has recently been reported to have equal or even greater toxicity and bioaccumulation than PFOA. Considering the suitability of alternatives, it is quite essential to study and compare the degradation degree between PFOA and GenX in water. Therefore, in the present study, a comprehensive degradation comparison between them via electrooxidation with a titanium suboxide membrane anode was conducted. The degradation rate decreased throughout for PFOA, while it first increased and then decreased for GenX when the permeate flux increased from 17.3 L to 100.3 L m−2·h−1. The different responses of PFOA and GenX to flux might be attributed to their different solubilities. In addition, the higher k obs of PFOA demonstrated that it had a better degradability than GenX by 2.4-fold in a mixed solution. The fluorinated byproduct perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA) was detected as a GenX intermediate, suggesting that ether bridge splitting was needed for GenX electrooxidation. This study provides a reference for assessing the degradability of GenX and PFOA and indicates that it is worth reconsidering whether GenX is a suitable alternative for PFOA from the point of view of environmental protection. • A degradation comparison between PFOA and GenX via electrooxidation was conducted. • PFOA demonstrated the higher degradation rates than GenX under different conditions. • The intermediate PFPrA suggested ether bridge split was necessary for GenX degradation. • The commercial anode has some application prospects since the low energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111995
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Anodes
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      – SubjectFull: Titanium
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      – SubjectFull: Bioaccumulation
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      – SubjectFull: Oxidation
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      – TitleFull: Is HFPO-DA (GenX) a suitable substitute for PFOA? A comprehensive degradation comparison of PFOA and GenX via electrooxidation.
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              Text: Mar2022:Part A
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