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Snowball Earth, population bottleneck and Prochlorococcus evolution.

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Title: Snowball Earth, population bottleneck and Prochlorococcus evolution.
Authors: Hao Zhang1,2, Ying Sun2, Qinglu Zeng3, Crowe, Sean A.4, Haiwei Luo1,2 hluo2006@gmail.com
Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 11/24/2021, Vol. 288 Issue 1963, p1-9. 9p.
Subjects: Prochlorococcus, Lipopolysaccharide structure, Earth (Planet), Nutrient uptake, Light absorption
Abstract: Prochlorococcus are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in the modern ocean. A massive DNA loss event occurred in their early evolutionary history, leading to highly reduced genomes in nearly all lineages, as well as enhanced efficiency in both nutrient uptake and light absorption. The environmental landscape that shaped this ancient genome reduction, however, remained unknown. Through careful molecular clock analyses, we established that this Prochlorococcus genome reduction occurred during the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth climate catastrophe. The lethally low temperature and exceedingly dim light during the Snowball Earth event would have inhibited Prochlorococcus growth and proliferation, and caused severe population bottlenecks. These bottlenecks are recorded as an excess of deleterious mutations accumulated across genomic regions and inherited by descendant lineages. Prochlorococcus adaptation to extreme environmental conditions during Snowball Earth intervals can be inferred by tracing the evolutionary paths of genes that encode key metabolic potential. Key metabolic innovation includes modified lipopolysaccharide structure, strengthened peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the replacement of a sophisticated circadian clock with an hourglass-like mechanism that resets daily for dim light adaption and the adoption of ammonia diffusion as an efficient membrane transporter-independent mode of nitrogen acquisition. In this way, the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event may have altered the physiological characters of Prochlorococcus, shaping their ecologically vital role as the most abundant primary producers in the modern oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 154130798
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  Data: Snowball Earth, population bottleneck and Prochlorococcus evolution.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hao+Zhang%22">Hao Zhang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ying+Sun%22">Ying Sun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qinglu+Zeng%22">Qinglu Zeng</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crowe%2C+Sean+A%2E%22">Crowe, Sean A.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Haiwei+Luo%22">Haiwei Luo</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> hluo2006@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B%3A+Biological+Sciences%22">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</searchLink>. 11/24/2021, Vol. 288 Issue 1963, p1-9. 9p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prochlorococcus%22">Prochlorococcus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lipopolysaccharide+structure%22">Lipopolysaccharide structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Earth+%28Planet%29%22">Earth (Planet)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nutrient+uptake%22">Nutrient uptake</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+absorption%22">Light absorption</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Prochlorococcus are the most abundant photosynthetic organisms in the modern ocean. A massive DNA loss event occurred in their early evolutionary history, leading to highly reduced genomes in nearly all lineages, as well as enhanced efficiency in both nutrient uptake and light absorption. The environmental landscape that shaped this ancient genome reduction, however, remained unknown. Through careful molecular clock analyses, we established that this Prochlorococcus genome reduction occurred during the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth climate catastrophe. The lethally low temperature and exceedingly dim light during the Snowball Earth event would have inhibited Prochlorococcus growth and proliferation, and caused severe population bottlenecks. These bottlenecks are recorded as an excess of deleterious mutations accumulated across genomic regions and inherited by descendant lineages. Prochlorococcus adaptation to extreme environmental conditions during Snowball Earth intervals can be inferred by tracing the evolutionary paths of genes that encode key metabolic potential. Key metabolic innovation includes modified lipopolysaccharide structure, strengthened peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the replacement of a sophisticated circadian clock with an hourglass-like mechanism that resets daily for dim light adaption and the adoption of ammonia diffusion as an efficient membrane transporter-independent mode of nitrogen acquisition. In this way, the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth event may have altered the physiological characters of Prochlorococcus, shaping their ecologically vital role as the most abundant primary producers in the modern oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1956
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
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      – SubjectFull: Prochlorococcus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lipopolysaccharide structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Earth (Planet)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nutrient uptake
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      – SubjectFull: Light absorption
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      – TitleFull: Snowball Earth, population bottleneck and Prochlorococcus evolution.
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            NameFull: Hao Zhang
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            NameFull: Ying Sun
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            NameFull: Qinglu Zeng
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            NameFull: Crowe, Sean A.
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            NameFull: Haiwei Luo
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              Text: 11/24/2021
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              Y: 2021
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