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Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos.

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Title: Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos.
Authors: Tejero-Cicuéndez, Héctor1 hector.tejero@ibe.upf-csic.es, Simó-Riudalbas, Marc1, Menéndez, Iris2,3, Carranza, Salvador1
Source: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 12/22/2021, Vol. 288 Issue 1965, p1-10. 10p.
Subjects: Geckos, Colonization (Ecology), Islands, Radiation
Geographic Terms: Arabian Peninsula, Africa
Abstract: Island colonists are often assumed to experience higher levels of phenotypic diversification than continental taxa. However, empirical evidence has uncovered exceptions to this 'island effect'. Here, we tested this pattern using the geckos of the genus Pristurus from continental Arabia and Africa and the Socotra Archipelago. Using a recently published phylogeny and an extensive morphological dataset, we explore the differences in phenotypic evolution between Socotran and continental taxa. Moreover, we reconstructed ancestral habitat occupancy to examine if ecological specialization is correlated with morphological change, comparing phenotypic disparity and trait evolution between habitats. We found a heterogeneous outcome of island colonization. Namely, only one of the three colonization events resulted in a body size increase. However, in general, Socotran species do not present higher levels or rates of morphological diversification than continental groups. Instead, habitat specialization explains better the body size and shape evolution in Pristurus. Particularly, the colonization of ground habitats appears as the main driver of morphological change, producing the highest disparity and evolutionary rates. Additionally, arboreal species show very similar body size and head proportions. These results reveal a determinant role of ecological mechanisms in morphological evolution and corroborate the complexity of ecomorphological dynamics in continent–island systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geckos%22">Geckos</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Colonization+%28Ecology%29%22">Colonization (Ecology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Islands%22">Islands</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation%22">Radiation</searchLink>
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  Data: Island colonists are often assumed to experience higher levels of phenotypic diversification than continental taxa. However, empirical evidence has uncovered exceptions to this 'island effect'. Here, we tested this pattern using the geckos of the genus Pristurus from continental Arabia and Africa and the Socotra Archipelago. Using a recently published phylogeny and an extensive morphological dataset, we explore the differences in phenotypic evolution between Socotran and continental taxa. Moreover, we reconstructed ancestral habitat occupancy to examine if ecological specialization is correlated with morphological change, comparing phenotypic disparity and trait evolution between habitats. We found a heterogeneous outcome of island colonization. Namely, only one of the three colonization events resulted in a body size increase. However, in general, Socotran species do not present higher levels or rates of morphological diversification than continental groups. Instead, habitat specialization explains better the body size and shape evolution in Pristurus. Particularly, the colonization of ground habitats appears as the main driver of morphological change, producing the highest disparity and evolutionary rates. Additionally, arboreal species show very similar body size and head proportions. These results reveal a determinant role of ecological mechanisms in morphological evolution and corroborate the complexity of ecomorphological dynamics in continent–island systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1821
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Arabian Peninsula
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      – TitleFull: Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos.
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            NameFull: Simó-Riudalbas, Marc
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              Text: 12/22/2021
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              Y: 2021
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