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Laboratory Evaluation of the Thermal Breakout Method for Maximum Horizontal Stress Measurement.

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Title: Laboratory Evaluation of the Thermal Breakout Method for Maximum Horizontal Stress Measurement.
Authors: Trzeciak, Maciej1 (AUTHOR) trzeciak2@wisc.edu, Sone, Hiroki1 (AUTHOR), Voegeli, Samuel2 (AUTHOR), Bate, Charlotte E.1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Herbert1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering. Jan2022, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p51-69. 19p.
Subjects: Elasticity, Thermal properties, Rock properties, Acoustic emission, Thermal stresses, Temperature measurements
Abstract: Measuring in situ stress is essential for many problems in geomechanics, and the maximum horizontal stress is the most difficult to constrain. We are developing an extension of the breakout method to measure maximum horizontal stress in regions where natural breakouts do not occur. In the novel thermal breakout method, additional compression which leads to breakout development is induced by heating the borehole wall. In the present study, we validated the method experimentally in a true-triaxial apparatus on samples with predrilled boreholes. Two rocks were selected for laboratory testing: high-porosity Berea sandstone and low-porosity Niagaran dolomite. Prior to main true-triaxial tests, we carried out standard testing to characterize the strength, elasticity and thermal properties. The true-triaxial experiments consisted of: (1) room-temperature tests where samples were first loaded mechanically until the breakout formed, and (2) elevated-temperature tests where samples were loaded mechanically within the elastic range with additional compression induced thermally. Breakout initiation was monitored by acoustic emission sensors mounted on the pistons that applied horizontal stresses. The magnitude of induced thermal stress was calculated from temperature measurements around the borehole wall. In both rock types, we created thermally induced breakouts and examined analytical expressions to constrain maximum horizontal stress based on strength, elastic and thermal properties of the rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Laboratory Evaluation of the Thermal Breakout Method for Maximum Horizontal Stress Measurement.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trzeciak%2C+Maciej%22">Trzeciak, Maciej</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> trzeciak2@wisc.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sone%2C+Hiroki%22">Sone, Hiroki</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Voegeli%2C+Samuel%22">Voegeli, Samuel</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bate%2C+Charlotte+E%2E%22">Bate, Charlotte E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Herbert%22">Wang, Herbert</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Rock+Mechanics+%26+Rock+Engineering%22">Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering</searchLink>. Jan2022, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p51-69. 19p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elasticity%22">Elasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+properties%22">Thermal properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rock+properties%22">Rock properties</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acoustic+emission%22">Acoustic emission</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+stresses%22">Thermal stresses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+measurements%22">Temperature measurements</searchLink>
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  Data: Measuring in situ stress is essential for many problems in geomechanics, and the maximum horizontal stress is the most difficult to constrain. We are developing an extension of the breakout method to measure maximum horizontal stress in regions where natural breakouts do not occur. In the novel thermal breakout method, additional compression which leads to breakout development is induced by heating the borehole wall. In the present study, we validated the method experimentally in a true-triaxial apparatus on samples with predrilled boreholes. Two rocks were selected for laboratory testing: high-porosity Berea sandstone and low-porosity Niagaran dolomite. Prior to main true-triaxial tests, we carried out standard testing to characterize the strength, elasticity and thermal properties. The true-triaxial experiments consisted of: (1) room-temperature tests where samples were first loaded mechanically until the breakout formed, and (2) elevated-temperature tests where samples were loaded mechanically within the elastic range with additional compression induced thermally. Breakout initiation was monitored by acoustic emission sensors mounted on the pistons that applied horizontal stresses. The magnitude of induced thermal stress was calculated from temperature measurements around the borehole wall. In both rock types, we created thermally induced breakouts and examined analytical expressions to constrain maximum horizontal stress based on strength, elastic and thermal properties of the rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s00603-021-02617-6
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Elasticity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermal properties
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      – SubjectFull: Rock properties
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      – SubjectFull: Acoustic emission
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      – SubjectFull: Thermal stresses
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      – SubjectFull: Temperature measurements
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      – TitleFull: Laboratory Evaluation of the Thermal Breakout Method for Maximum Horizontal Stress Measurement.
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              M: 01
              Text: Jan2022
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