A study on factors that affect error rates in handwriting examinations of Korean characters by forensic document examiners and non-experts.
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| Title: | A study on factors that affect error rates in handwriting examinations of Korean characters by forensic document examiners and non-experts. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Kang, Tae-Yi1, Kim, Hongseok1, Yook, Simyub1, Lee, Joong1 candy404@hanmail.net |
| Source: | Forensic Science International. May2022, Vol. 334, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. |
| Subjects: | Forensic document examination, Graphology, Korean character sets (Data processing), Error rates, Maximum likelihood statistics, Research evaluation, Handwriting, Forensic medicine, Forensic sciences |
| Geographic Terms: | South Korea |
| Abstract: | Forensic handwriting examinations are often considered important in trials, and especially those related to property issues. There is also increasing demand by courts for the quantification of handwriting examination results. Notably, in forensic science, error rates in forensic handwriting examinations should be carefully quantified in order to ensure their reliability as evidence. The present study examined error rates in forensic handwriting examinations conducted by both forensic document examiners (FDEs) and non-experts. To this end, four FDEs affiliated with forensic science institutes and a group of 20 laypersons were asked to perform a forensic handwriting examination of Korean characters in various forms (long text, short text, and signature samples) in blind test settings; i.e., specific information about the test was not given. The test was composed of 180 questions. The results showed that the incorrect answers are much higher in the non-expert group than the expert group though; however, the percentage of "inconclusive opinion" answers was higher in the expert group. It was also found that, in the expert group, error rates could be lowered by allowing a joint examination (or a peer review) to be performed. Meanwhile, the expert group showed relatively high error rates when dealing with handwriting samples simulated or disguised, rather than those that contained a small number of characters, such as signature samples. In the non-expert group, financial reward did not contribute to increasing the correct answers (%) of handwriting examination but rather encouraged examiners not to choose "inconclusive opinion" answers. This result indicates that a financial reward may unintentionally affect the examination results. The major findings of the present study are of significance in that this study is the first attempt to specifically examine error rates in forensic handwriting examinations of Korean characters conducted by both expert and non-expert groups. This study also demonstrated that the exchange of opinions among FDEs affected the resultant error rates and overall examination results. It was also found that financial reward may affect handwriting examination results as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Forensic Science International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 156253047 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: A study on factors that affect error rates in handwriting examinations of Korean characters by forensic document examiners and non-experts. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kang%2C+Tae-Yi%22">Kang, Tae-Yi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Hongseok%22">Kim, Hongseok</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yook%2C+Simyub%22">Yook, Simyub</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Joong%22">Lee, Joong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> candy404@hanmail.net</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Forensic+Science+International%22">Forensic Science International</searchLink>. May2022, Vol. 334, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forensic+document+examination%22">Forensic document examination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graphology%22">Graphology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Korean+character+sets+%28Data+processing%29%22">Korean character sets (Data processing)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Error+rates%22">Error rates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maximum+likelihood+statistics%22">Maximum likelihood statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+evaluation%22">Research evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Handwriting%22">Handwriting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forensic+medicine%22">Forensic medicine</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forensic+sciences%22">Forensic sciences</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22South+Korea%22">South Korea</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Forensic handwriting examinations are often considered important in trials, and especially those related to property issues. There is also increasing demand by courts for the quantification of handwriting examination results. Notably, in forensic science, error rates in forensic handwriting examinations should be carefully quantified in order to ensure their reliability as evidence. The present study examined error rates in forensic handwriting examinations conducted by both forensic document examiners (FDEs) and non-experts. To this end, four FDEs affiliated with forensic science institutes and a group of 20 laypersons were asked to perform a forensic handwriting examination of Korean characters in various forms (long text, short text, and signature samples) in blind test settings; i.e., specific information about the test was not given. The test was composed of 180 questions. The results showed that the incorrect answers are much higher in the non-expert group than the expert group though; however, the percentage of "inconclusive opinion" answers was higher in the expert group. It was also found that, in the expert group, error rates could be lowered by allowing a joint examination (or a peer review) to be performed. Meanwhile, the expert group showed relatively high error rates when dealing with handwriting samples simulated or disguised, rather than those that contained a small number of characters, such as signature samples. In the non-expert group, financial reward did not contribute to increasing the correct answers (%) of handwriting examination but rather encouraged examiners not to choose "inconclusive opinion" answers. This result indicates that a financial reward may unintentionally affect the examination results. The major findings of the present study are of significance in that this study is the first attempt to specifically examine error rates in forensic handwriting examinations of Korean characters conducted by both expert and non-expert groups. This study also demonstrated that the exchange of opinions among FDEs affected the resultant error rates and overall examination results. It was also found that financial reward may affect handwriting examination results as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Forensic Science International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111266 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 1 StartPage: N.PAG Subjects: – SubjectFull: Forensic document examination Type: general – SubjectFull: Graphology Type: general – SubjectFull: Korean character sets (Data processing) Type: general – SubjectFull: Error rates Type: general – SubjectFull: Maximum likelihood statistics Type: general – SubjectFull: Research evaluation Type: general – SubjectFull: Handwriting Type: general – SubjectFull: Forensic medicine Type: general – SubjectFull: Forensic sciences Type: general – SubjectFull: South Korea Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: A study on factors that affect error rates in handwriting examinations of Korean characters by forensic document examiners and non-experts. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kang, Tae-Yi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kim, Hongseok – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yook, Simyub – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lee, Joong IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: May2022 Type: published Y: 2022 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03790738 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 334 Titles: – TitleFull: Forensic Science International Type: main |
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