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Multiscale Characterization of Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer and Type V Portland Cement Exposed to MgSO4.

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Title: Multiscale Characterization of Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer and Type V Portland Cement Exposed to MgSO4.
Authors: Alanazi, Hani1 (AUTHOR) hm.alanazi@mu.edu.sa, Kim, Yong-Rak2 (AUTHOR) yong-rak.kim@tamu.edu, Hu, Jiong3 (AUTHOR) jhu5@unl.edu, Little, Dallas N.4 (AUTHOR) d-little@tamu.edu, Jung, Jong Suk5 (AUTHOR) pobyasu@lh.or.kr
Source: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. Jun2022, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: Portland cement, Mortar, Polymer-impregnated concrete, Scanning electron microscopy, Compressive strength, X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray microscopy
Abstract: Fly ash–based geopolymer is an attractive supplemental cementitious material that has been receiving great attention from the community; however, its durability characteristics such as resistance to sulfate-related damage have not yet been fully examined. This study investigates the properties of fly ash–based geopolymer and its counterpart, Type V portland cement paste/mortar, when they are exposed to MgSO4 solution. Toward that end, a multiscale characterization was conducted. Changes in nanomechanical properties due to MgSO4 exposure were tracked and quantified by nanoindentation. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were coupled to characterize microstructural and chemical changes at different MgSO4 exposure levels. Moreover, the effect of MgSO4 solution on macroscale properties, including changes in mass and compressive strength, were examined. Results indicated that exposure to MgSO4 solution affected the two cementitious materials very differently. No significant sign of deterioration was observed in fly ash–based geopolymer, although MgSO4 changed the chemical compositions by increasing Mg content and decreasing Na in the original N-A-S-H gel. On the contrary, Type V portland cement presented the degradation of the main hydration product due to the decalcification process with increasing MgSO4 exposure. This resulted in a significant drop of Ca/Si ratio and compressive strength after 6 months of MgSO4 immersion. Test-analysis results in different length scales in this study imply that fly ash–based geopolymer can be a durable material under MgSO4 environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Multiscale Characterization of Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer and Type V Portland Cement Exposed to MgSO4.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alanazi%2C+Hani%22">Alanazi, Hani</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> hm.alanazi@mu.edu.sa</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Yong-Rak%22">Kim, Yong-Rak</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yong-rak.kim@tamu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Jiong%22">Hu, Jiong</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jhu5@unl.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Little%2C+Dallas+N%2E%22">Little, Dallas N.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> d-little@tamu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jung%2C+Jong+Suk%22">Jung, Jong Suk</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pobyasu@lh.or.kr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Materials+in+Civil+Engineering%22">Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2022, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1-12. 12p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Portland+cement%22">Portland cement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mortar%22">Mortar</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polymer-impregnated+concrete%22">Polymer-impregnated concrete</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Compressive+strength%22">Compressive strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+spectroscopy%22">X-ray spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+microscopy%22">X-ray microscopy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Fly ash–based geopolymer is an attractive supplemental cementitious material that has been receiving great attention from the community; however, its durability characteristics such as resistance to sulfate-related damage have not yet been fully examined. This study investigates the properties of fly ash–based geopolymer and its counterpart, Type V portland cement paste/mortar, when they are exposed to MgSO4 solution. Toward that end, a multiscale characterization was conducted. Changes in nanomechanical properties due to MgSO4 exposure were tracked and quantified by nanoindentation. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were coupled to characterize microstructural and chemical changes at different MgSO4 exposure levels. Moreover, the effect of MgSO4 solution on macroscale properties, including changes in mass and compressive strength, were examined. Results indicated that exposure to MgSO4 solution affected the two cementitious materials very differently. No significant sign of deterioration was observed in fly ash–based geopolymer, although MgSO4 changed the chemical compositions by increasing Mg content and decreasing Na in the original N-A-S-H gel. On the contrary, Type V portland cement presented the degradation of the main hydration product due to the decalcification process with increasing MgSO4 exposure. This resulted in a significant drop of Ca/Si ratio and compressive strength after 6 months of MgSO4 immersion. Test-analysis results in different length scales in this study imply that fly ash–based geopolymer can be a durable material under MgSO4 environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004240
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Portland cement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mortar
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polymer-impregnated concrete
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scanning electron microscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Compressive strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray microscopy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Multiscale Characterization of Fly Ash–Based Geopolymer and Type V Portland Cement Exposed to MgSO4.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Alanazi, Hani
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kim, Yong-Rak
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hu, Jiong
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Little, Dallas N.
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Jung, Jong Suk
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2022
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 08991561
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 34
            – Type: issue
              Value: 6
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
              Type: main
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