Analysis of energy consumption bounds in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog converters.
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| Title: | Analysis of energy consumption bounds in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog converters. |
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| Authors: | Morales Chacón, Oscar1 (AUTHOR) oscar.morales@liu.se, Wikner, J. Jacob1 (AUTHOR), Svensson, Christer1 (AUTHOR), Siek, Liter2 (AUTHOR), Alvandpour, Atila1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Analog Integrated Circuits & Signal Processing. Jun2022, Vol. 111 Issue 3, p339-351. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Energy consumption, Digital-to-analog converters, Nyquist frequency, Complementary metal oxide semiconductors, Signal-to-noise ratio |
| Abstract: | In this paper, an attempt to estimate energy consumption bounds versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog converters is presented. A theoretical analysis is derived, including the design corners for noise, speed and linearity for the mixed-signal domain. The study is validated by comparing the theoretical results with published measured data. As result it serves as a design reference to aim for minimum energy consumption. It is found that for an equivalent number of bits (ENOBs), the noise-bound grows at a rate of 22ENOB, whereas the speed-bound increases by 2ENOB−2 and is dependent on device dimensions. Therefore, as the technology scales down, the noise bound will dominate, which is observed for an estimated SNR of about 40 dB in 65 nm CMOS process. The linearity bound is derived from an analysis based on the assumption of limited output impedance, where it is found to be dependent on the device dimensions and increase at a rate of 2ENOB−1. The observations show that it is possible to achieve less energy consumption in all the design corners for different SNR and SFDR specifications within the Nyquist frequency, fs/2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Analog Integrated Circuits & Signal Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 156706958 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Analysis of energy consumption bounds in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog converters. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morales+Chacón%2C+Oscar%22">Morales Chacón, Oscar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> oscar.morales@liu.se</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wikner%2C+J%2E+Jacob%22">Wikner, J. Jacob</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Svensson%2C+Christer%22">Svensson, Christer</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siek%2C+Liter%22">Siek, Liter</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alvandpour%2C+Atila%22">Alvandpour, Atila</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Analog+Integrated+Circuits+%26+Signal+Processing%22">Analog Integrated Circuits & Signal Processing</searchLink>. Jun2022, Vol. 111 Issue 3, p339-351. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+consumption%22">Energy consumption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital-to-analog+converters%22">Digital-to-analog converters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nyquist+frequency%22">Nyquist frequency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Complementary+metal+oxide+semiconductors%22">Complementary metal oxide semiconductors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal-to-noise+ratio%22">Signal-to-noise ratio</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In this paper, an attempt to estimate energy consumption bounds versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog converters is presented. A theoretical analysis is derived, including the design corners for noise, speed and linearity for the mixed-signal domain. The study is validated by comparing the theoretical results with published measured data. As result it serves as a design reference to aim for minimum energy consumption. It is found that for an equivalent number of bits (ENOBs), the noise-bound grows at a rate of 22ENOB, whereas the speed-bound increases by 2ENOB−2 and is dependent on device dimensions. Therefore, as the technology scales down, the noise bound will dominate, which is observed for an estimated SNR of about 40 dB in 65 nm CMOS process. The linearity bound is derived from an analysis based on the assumption of limited output impedance, where it is found to be dependent on the device dimensions and increase at a rate of 2ENOB−1. The observations show that it is possible to achieve less energy consumption in all the design corners for different SNR and SFDR specifications within the Nyquist frequency, fs/2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Analog Integrated Circuits & Signal Processing is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s10470-022-02013-2 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 339 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Energy consumption Type: general – SubjectFull: Digital-to-analog converters Type: general – SubjectFull: Nyquist frequency Type: general – SubjectFull: Complementary metal oxide semiconductors Type: general – SubjectFull: Signal-to-noise ratio Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Analysis of energy consumption bounds in CMOS current-steering digital-to-analog converters. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Morales Chacón, Oscar – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wikner, J. Jacob – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Svensson, Christer – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Siek, Liter – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Alvandpour, Atila IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2022 Type: published Y: 2022 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09251030 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 111 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Analog Integrated Circuits & Signal Processing Type: main |
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