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Computational study for temperature distribution in ArF excimer laser corneal refractive surgeries using different beam delivery techniques.

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Title: Computational study for temperature distribution in ArF excimer laser corneal refractive surgeries using different beam delivery techniques.
Authors: Gokul, K. C.1 (AUTHOR) gokul.kc@ku.edu.np, Kandel, Himal2 (AUTHOR), Valiño, Luis3 (AUTHOR), Kaiti, Raju4 (AUTHOR), Roy, Prosun5 (AUTHOR), Sohail, Muhammad6 (AUTHOR), Gurung, Dil Bahadur1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Lasers in Medical Science. Apr2022, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p1709-1716. 8p.
Subjects: Excimer lasers, Temperature distribution, Laser surgery, Finite element method, Denaturation of proteins, Surgical complications, Cornea
Abstract: Refractive errors are the most common causes of vision impairment worldwide and laser refractive surgery is one of the most frequently performed ocular surgeries. Clinical studies have reported that approximately 10.5% of patients need an additional procedure after the surgery. The major complications of laser surgery are over/under correction and dry eye. An increase in temperature may be a cause for these complications. The purpose of this study was to estimate the increase in temperature during laser refractive surgery and its relationship with the complications observed for different surgical techniques. In this paper, a finite element model was applied to investigate the temperature distribution of the cornea when subjected to ArF excimer laser at a single spot using various beam delivery systems (broad beam, scanning slit, and flying spot). The Pennes bio-heat equation was used to predict the temperature values at different laser pulse energies and frequencies. The maximum temperature increase by ArF laser ( 500 Hz frequency and 0.5 J pulse energy) at a single spot was 33. 94 ∘ C , 15. 86 ∘ C , 12. 48 ∘ C for 6 diopter correction ( 65.4 μ m of ablation of corneal stroma) using broad beam, scanning slit, and flying spot beam delivery approaches respectively. The peak temperature due to a single pulse was estimated to be 234. 14 ∘ C . Although the peak temperature (sufficient energy to break intermolecular bonds) exists for a very short time ( 10 - 30 ns ) compared to the thermal relaxation time ( 2000 - 10 , 000 μ s ), there is some thermal energy exchange between corneal tissues during a laser refractive surgery. Heating may cause collagen denaturation, collagen shrinkage, and more evaporation and hence proposed to be a risk factor for over/under correction and dry eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Computational study for temperature distribution in ArF excimer laser corneal refractive surgeries using different beam delivery techniques.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Lasers+in+Medical+Science%22">Lasers in Medical Science</searchLink>. Apr2022, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p1709-1716. 8p.
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  Data: Refractive errors are the most common causes of vision impairment worldwide and laser refractive surgery is one of the most frequently performed ocular surgeries. Clinical studies have reported that approximately 10.5% of patients need an additional procedure after the surgery. The major complications of laser surgery are over/under correction and dry eye. An increase in temperature may be a cause for these complications. The purpose of this study was to estimate the increase in temperature during laser refractive surgery and its relationship with the complications observed for different surgical techniques. In this paper, a finite element model was applied to investigate the temperature distribution of the cornea when subjected to ArF excimer laser at a single spot using various beam delivery systems (broad beam, scanning slit, and flying spot). The Pennes bio-heat equation was used to predict the temperature values at different laser pulse energies and frequencies. The maximum temperature increase by ArF laser ( 500 Hz frequency and 0.5 J pulse energy) at a single spot was 33. 94 ∘ C , 15. 86 ∘ C , 12. 48 ∘ C for 6 diopter correction ( 65.4 μ m of ablation of corneal stroma) using broad beam, scanning slit, and flying spot beam delivery approaches respectively. The peak temperature due to a single pulse was estimated to be 234. 14 ∘ C . Although the peak temperature (sufficient energy to break intermolecular bonds) exists for a very short time ( 10 - 30 ns ) compared to the thermal relaxation time ( 2000 - 10 , 000 μ s ), there is some thermal energy exchange between corneal tissues during a laser refractive surgery. Heating may cause collagen denaturation, collagen shrinkage, and more evaporation and hence proposed to be a risk factor for over/under correction and dry eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s10103-021-03420-z
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Excimer lasers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Temperature distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Laser surgery
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
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      – SubjectFull: Denaturation of proteins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surgical complications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cornea
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      – TitleFull: Computational study for temperature distribution in ArF excimer laser corneal refractive surgeries using different beam delivery techniques.
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              Text: Apr2022
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              Y: 2022
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