An Adaptive Memory-Side Encryption Method for Improving Security and Lifetime of PCM-Based Main Memory.
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| Title: | An Adaptive Memory-Side Encryption Method for Improving Security and Lifetime of PCM-Based Main Memory. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Soltani, Morteza1 morteza.soltani@ut.ac.ir, Kamal, Mehdi1 mehdikamal@ut.ac.ir, Afzali-Kusha, Ali1 afzali@ut.ac.ir, Pedram, Massoud2 pedram@usc.edu |
| Source: | IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems. Jun2022, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1744-1756. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Phase change memory, Recurrent neural networks, Memory, Random access memory |
| Abstract: | In this article, we present a main memory system for improving the lifetime and security of phase-change main memories. Storing encrypted data increases the bit-flip rates in memory cells, which adversely affects the lifetime of the phase-change memory cells. Thus, to improve the lifetime and security, the proposed system reduces the bit-flip rates by introducing two techniques. The first technique is a memory-side encryption which provides security against DIMM stealing attacks. To prevent unauthorized accesses, in this technique, the encrypted data are not saved in the main memory. As the second technique, we suggest an adaptive partial encryption approach, which makes use of behavior tracking of the application in the CPU side to minimize the latency overhead of the first technique. Additionally, it prevents the loss of data against application-based attacks. This technique uses a recurrent neural network (RNN) to do sequence classification and detect malicious applications. In addition, an auxiliary method, called periodic encryption (PE), which overcomes the security loss in some applications induced by the low accuracy of the employed neural network, is presented. The efficacy of the proposed method is evaluated using gem5 simulator and some benchmarks. Compared to DEUCE and Crypto-Comp methods, the results for the lifetime evaluation show an average bit-flip rate reduction of 11%. In addition, the security improvements against the DIMM stealing and application-based attacks are about 100% and 92.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 157007927 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: An Adaptive Memory-Side Encryption Method for Improving Security and Lifetime of PCM-Based Main Memory. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Soltani%2C+Morteza%22">Soltani, Morteza</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> morteza.soltani@ut.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kamal%2C+Mehdi%22">Kamal, Mehdi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> mehdikamal@ut.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Afzali-Kusha%2C+Ali%22">Afzali-Kusha, Ali</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> afzali@ut.ac.ir</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pedram%2C+Massoud%22">Pedram, Massoud</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> pedram@usc.edu</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22IEEE+Transactions+on+Computer-Aided+Design+of+Integrated+Circuits+%26+Systems%22">IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems</searchLink>. Jun2022, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1744-1756. 13p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+change+memory%22">Phase change memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recurrent+neural+networks%22">Recurrent neural networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Random+access+memory%22">Random access memory</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In this article, we present a main memory system for improving the lifetime and security of phase-change main memories. Storing encrypted data increases the bit-flip rates in memory cells, which adversely affects the lifetime of the phase-change memory cells. Thus, to improve the lifetime and security, the proposed system reduces the bit-flip rates by introducing two techniques. The first technique is a memory-side encryption which provides security against DIMM stealing attacks. To prevent unauthorized accesses, in this technique, the encrypted data are not saved in the main memory. As the second technique, we suggest an adaptive partial encryption approach, which makes use of behavior tracking of the application in the CPU side to minimize the latency overhead of the first technique. Additionally, it prevents the loss of data against application-based attacks. This technique uses a recurrent neural network (RNN) to do sequence classification and detect malicious applications. In addition, an auxiliary method, called periodic encryption (PE), which overcomes the security loss in some applications induced by the low accuracy of the employed neural network, is presented. The efficacy of the proposed method is evaluated using gem5 simulator and some benchmarks. Compared to DEUCE and Crypto-Comp methods, the results for the lifetime evaluation show an average bit-flip rate reduction of 11%. In addition, the security improvements against the DIMM stealing and application-based attacks are about 100% and 92.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1109/TCAD.2021.3093832 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 13 StartPage: 1744 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Phase change memory Type: general – SubjectFull: Recurrent neural networks Type: general – SubjectFull: Memory Type: general – SubjectFull: Random access memory Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: An Adaptive Memory-Side Encryption Method for Improving Security and Lifetime of PCM-Based Main Memory. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Soltani, Morteza – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kamal, Mehdi – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Afzali-Kusha, Ali – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pedram, Massoud IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2022 Type: published Y: 2022 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 02780070 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 41 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits & Systems Type: main |
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