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"Quantum Pendants" - the measurement of exposure to enhanced natural radioactivity.

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Title: "Quantum Pendants" - the measurement of exposure to enhanced natural radioactivity.
Authors: Bonczyk, M.1 (AUTHOR) mbonczyk@gig.eu, Grygier, A.1 (AUTHOR) agrygier@gig.eu, Skubacz, K.1 (AUTHOR) kskubacz@gig.eu
Source: Measurement (02632241). Jun2022, Vol. 196, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Natural radioactivity, Panasonic Holdings Corp., Gamma rays, Radioactive substances, Radiation exposure, Thermoluminescence dosimetry, Radioisotopes, Dosimeters
Abstract: • "Scalar energy medallions" researched. • The content of radionuclides was determined by gamma radiation spectrometry. • Dose rate equivalents were determined by thermoluminescence dosimetry. • The methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used. Different methods of alternative medicine may cause increased exposure to humans due to natural radioactivity. "Scalar energy medallions", also known as "Quantum Pendants", were investigated in the present work. Such objects are easily available in herbal stores or online. The elevated concentration of natural radionuclides from thorium series (232Th) and uranium series (238U) were measured in such pendants. The measured concentrations reached values up to 49 100 Bq·kg−1 for 228Ra, 51 600 Bq·kg−1 for 228Th, and 7 900 Bq·kg−1 for 238U and 226Ra. Radioactive disequilibrium among radionuclides was observed and this fact may be indirect evidence of the industrial (not natural) origin of these materials. Therefore, such medallions should be considered as NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) or TENORM (Technologically Enhanced NORM). According to the suppliers, the medallions should be carried directly on the skin of the human chest. Therefore, elevated radiation exposure is expected. Due to the presence of natural radionuclides in elevated concentrations, a mixed radiation field is the source of exposure to humans. Such conditions imply some metrological difficulties due to complex types of radiation. The article presents a proposal for a measurement approach in such cases. The effective dose from beta, X and gamma radiation for the human body was measured with the use of body phantoms and Panasonic thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeters. Various combinations of TL detectors, radiation filters and calculation protocols were applied to determine the doses from beta, X and gamma radiation. The obtained total effective dose exceeds the limit for the general population – 1 mSv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Measurement (02632241) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 157031027
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: "Quantum Pendants" - the measurement of exposure to enhanced natural radioactivity.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bonczyk%2C+M%2E%22">Bonczyk, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mbonczyk@gig.eu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grygier%2C+A%2E%22">Grygier, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> agrygier@gig.eu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skubacz%2C+K%2E%22">Skubacz, K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> kskubacz@gig.eu</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Measurement+%2802632241%29%22">Measurement (02632241)</searchLink>. Jun2022, Vol. 196, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+radioactivity%22">Natural radioactivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Panasonic+Holdings+Corp%2E%22">Panasonic Holdings Corp.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gamma+rays%22">Gamma rays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radioactive+substances%22">Radioactive substances</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation+exposure%22">Radiation exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermoluminescence+dosimetry%22">Thermoluminescence dosimetry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radioisotopes%22">Radioisotopes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dosimeters%22">Dosimeters</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: • "Scalar energy medallions" researched. • The content of radionuclides was determined by gamma radiation spectrometry. • Dose rate equivalents were determined by thermoluminescence dosimetry. • The methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used. Different methods of alternative medicine may cause increased exposure to humans due to natural radioactivity. "Scalar energy medallions", also known as "Quantum Pendants", were investigated in the present work. Such objects are easily available in herbal stores or online. The elevated concentration of natural radionuclides from thorium series (232Th) and uranium series (238U) were measured in such pendants. The measured concentrations reached values up to 49 100 Bq·kg−1 for 228Ra, 51 600 Bq·kg−1 for 228Th, and 7 900 Bq·kg−1 for 238U and 226Ra. Radioactive disequilibrium among radionuclides was observed and this fact may be indirect evidence of the industrial (not natural) origin of these materials. Therefore, such medallions should be considered as NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) or TENORM (Technologically Enhanced NORM). According to the suppliers, the medallions should be carried directly on the skin of the human chest. Therefore, elevated radiation exposure is expected. Due to the presence of natural radionuclides in elevated concentrations, a mixed radiation field is the source of exposure to humans. Such conditions imply some metrological difficulties due to complex types of radiation. The article presents a proposal for a measurement approach in such cases. The effective dose from beta, X and gamma radiation for the human body was measured with the use of body phantoms and Panasonic thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeters. Various combinations of TL detectors, radiation filters and calculation protocols were applied to determine the doses from beta, X and gamma radiation. The obtained total effective dose exceeds the limit for the general population – 1 mSv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Measurement (02632241) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111212
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
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      – SubjectFull: Natural radioactivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Panasonic Holdings Corp.
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gamma rays
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radioactive substances
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radiation exposure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thermoluminescence dosimetry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radioisotopes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dosimeters
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: "Quantum Pendants" - the measurement of exposure to enhanced natural radioactivity.
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            NameFull: Skubacz, K.
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2022
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              Value: 196
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