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Rainfall intensity and catchment size control storm runoff in a gullied blanket peatland.

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Title: Rainfall intensity and catchment size control storm runoff in a gullied blanket peatland.
Authors: Edokpa, Donald1 (AUTHOR) donald.edokpa@manchester.ac.uk, Milledge, David2 (AUTHOR), Allott, Tim1 (AUTHOR), Holden, Joseph3 (AUTHOR), Shuttleworth, Emma1 (AUTHOR), Kay, Martin1 (AUTHOR), Johnston, Adam1 (AUTHOR), Millin-Chalabi, Gail1 (AUTHOR), Scott-Campbell, Matt4 (AUTHOR), Chandler, David4 (AUTHOR), Freestone, Jamie4 (AUTHOR), Evans, Martin1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Hydrology. Jun2022, Vol. 609, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Runoff, Watersheds, Air pollution, Discharge coefficient, Water depth
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
Abstract: [Display omitted] • Rainfall intensity is the dominant hydro-meteorological control of runoff response from peatland catchments in high magnitude storms. • Runoff processes even in saturation-excess overland flow landscapes are sensitive to scale. • There is a dominant role for attenuation processes in controlling peak discharge in large storms. Upland blanket peat is widespread in the headwaters of UK catchments, but much of it has been degraded through atmospheric pollution, vegetation change and erosion. Runoff generation in these headwaters is an important element of downstream flood risk and these areas are increasingly the focus of interventions to restore the peat ecosystem and to potentially mitigate downstream flooding. Here we use a series of multivariate analysis techniques to examine controls on storm runoff behavior within and between ten blanket peat catchments all within 5 km of one another and ranging in size from 0.2 to 3.9 ha. We find that: 1) for all 10 catchments, rainfall intensity is the dominant driver for both magnitude and timing of peak discharge, and that total and antecedent rainfall is important for peak discharge only in small storms; 2) there is considerable inter-catchment variability in: runoff coefficient, lag time, peak runoff, and their predictability from rainfall; however, 3) a significant fraction of the inter-catchment variability can be explained by catchment characteristics, particularly catchment area; and 4) catchment controls on peak discharge and runoff coefficient for small storms highlight the importance of storage and connectivity while those for large events suggest that surface flow attenuation dominates. Together these results suggest a switching rainfall-runoff behavior where catchment storage, connectivity and antecedent conditions control small discharge peaks but become increasingly irrelevant for larger storms. Our results suggest that, in the context of Natural Flood Management potential, expanding depression storage (e.g. distributed shallow water pools) in addition to existing restoration methods could increase the range of storms within which connectivity and storage remain important and that for larger storms measures which target surface runoff velocities are likely to be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Hydrology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 157047440
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Rainfall intensity and catchment size control storm runoff in a gullied blanket peatland.
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  Data: [Display omitted] • Rainfall intensity is the dominant hydro-meteorological control of runoff response from peatland catchments in high magnitude storms. • Runoff processes even in saturation-excess overland flow landscapes are sensitive to scale. • There is a dominant role for attenuation processes in controlling peak discharge in large storms. Upland blanket peat is widespread in the headwaters of UK catchments, but much of it has been degraded through atmospheric pollution, vegetation change and erosion. Runoff generation in these headwaters is an important element of downstream flood risk and these areas are increasingly the focus of interventions to restore the peat ecosystem and to potentially mitigate downstream flooding. Here we use a series of multivariate analysis techniques to examine controls on storm runoff behavior within and between ten blanket peat catchments all within 5 km of one another and ranging in size from 0.2 to 3.9 ha. We find that: 1) for all 10 catchments, rainfall intensity is the dominant driver for both magnitude and timing of peak discharge, and that total and antecedent rainfall is important for peak discharge only in small storms; 2) there is considerable inter-catchment variability in: runoff coefficient, lag time, peak runoff, and their predictability from rainfall; however, 3) a significant fraction of the inter-catchment variability can be explained by catchment characteristics, particularly catchment area; and 4) catchment controls on peak discharge and runoff coefficient for small storms highlight the importance of storage and connectivity while those for large events suggest that surface flow attenuation dominates. Together these results suggest a switching rainfall-runoff behavior where catchment storage, connectivity and antecedent conditions control small discharge peaks but become increasingly irrelevant for larger storms. Our results suggest that, in the context of Natural Flood Management potential, expanding depression storage (e.g. distributed shallow water pools) in addition to existing restoration methods could increase the range of storms within which connectivity and storage remain important and that for larger storms measures which target surface runoff velocities are likely to be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Hydrology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=157047440
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127688
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Runoff
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Watersheds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Air pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Discharge coefficient
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      – SubjectFull: Water depth
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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      – TitleFull: Rainfall intensity and catchment size control storm runoff in a gullied blanket peatland.
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              Text: Jun2022
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