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HF free greener Cl‐terminated MXene as novel electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline media.

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Title: HF free greener Cl‐terminated MXene as novel electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline media.
Authors: Sarfraz, Bilal1 (AUTHOR), Mehran, Muhammad Taqi1 (AUTHOR) taqimehran@scme.nust.edu.pk, Baig, Mutawara Mahmood1 (AUTHOR), Naqvi, Salman Raza1 (AUTHOR), Khoja, Asif Hussain2 (AUTHOR), Shahzad, Faisal3 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Energy Research. 6/25/2022, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p10942-10954. 13p.
Subjects: Hydrogen evolution reactions, Fused salts, Hydrofluoric acid, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Oxygen evolution reactions, Transmission electron microscopes
Abstract: Summary: Hydrogen and oxygen evolution through electrochemical water splitting is essential for effective and inexpensive production of hydrogen and oxygen, which depends on the development of economical, and extremely active electrocatalysts. Two‐dimensional (2D) nano‐laminated materials are imperious as electrocatalysts due to their phenomenal properties and extensive scope of applications. In this work, we report a greener way of synthesizing MXene without hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and demonstrated its excellent electrochemical characteristics as an overall water‐splitting catalyst. Cl‐terminated MXenes (Ti3C2Cl2) were synthesized via a molten salt approach, in which the MAX phase (Ti3AlC2) was reacted with copper chloride (CuCl2) salt followed by thermal treatment at a temperature of 550°C for 5 hours. The resulting Cl‐terminated MXene was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical testing was performed in the alkaline media for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). For OER in 1 M KOH, Cl‐terminated MXene achieves a benchmark of 30 mA cm−2 current density at an overpotential of 330 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV dec−1, while HF‐MXene exhibits an overpotential of 390 mV and a Tafel slope of 136 mV dec−1. For HER, Cl‐MXene attains an overpotential of 259 mV, and a Tafel slope of 92 mV dec−1 to achieve the 10 mA cm−2 current density, on the other hand, HF‐MXene achieves an overpotential of 444 mV and a Tafel slope of 311 mV dec−1. Furthermore, the electrocatalyst exhibited excellent long‐term stability of 0.7 V at 100 mA cm−2 current density for 36 hours. The synthesis methodology for greener Cl‐terminated MXene coupled with an outstanding electrocatalytic activity is set to open new avenues of catalyst design for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Energy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: HF free greener Cl‐terminated MXene as novel electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline media.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarfraz%2C+Bilal%22">Sarfraz, Bilal</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mehran%2C+Muhammad+Taqi%22">Mehran, Muhammad Taqi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> taqimehran@scme.nust.edu.pk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baig%2C+Mutawara+Mahmood%22">Baig, Mutawara Mahmood</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Naqvi%2C+Salman+Raza%22">Naqvi, Salman Raza</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khoja%2C+Asif+Hussain%22">Khoja, Asif Hussain</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shahzad%2C+Faisal%22">Shahzad, Faisal</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Energy+Research%22">International Journal of Energy Research</searchLink>. 6/25/2022, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p10942-10954. 13p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+evolution+reactions%22">Hydrogen evolution reactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fused+salts%22">Fused salts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrofluoric+acid%22">Hydrofluoric acid</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+dispersive+X-ray+spectroscopy%22">Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fourier+transform+infrared+spectroscopy%22">Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+photoelectron+spectroscopy%22">X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxygen+evolution+reactions%22">Oxygen evolution reactions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transmission+electron+microscopes%22">Transmission electron microscopes</searchLink>
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  Data: Summary: Hydrogen and oxygen evolution through electrochemical water splitting is essential for effective and inexpensive production of hydrogen and oxygen, which depends on the development of economical, and extremely active electrocatalysts. Two‐dimensional (2D) nano‐laminated materials are imperious as electrocatalysts due to their phenomenal properties and extensive scope of applications. In this work, we report a greener way of synthesizing MXene without hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and demonstrated its excellent electrochemical characteristics as an overall water‐splitting catalyst. Cl‐terminated MXenes (Ti3C2Cl2) were synthesized via a molten salt approach, in which the MAX phase (Ti3AlC2) was reacted with copper chloride (CuCl2) salt followed by thermal treatment at a temperature of 550°C for 5 hours. The resulting Cl‐terminated MXene was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical testing was performed in the alkaline media for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). For OER in 1 M KOH, Cl‐terminated MXene achieves a benchmark of 30 mA cm−2 current density at an overpotential of 330 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV dec−1, while HF‐MXene exhibits an overpotential of 390 mV and a Tafel slope of 136 mV dec−1. For HER, Cl‐MXene attains an overpotential of 259 mV, and a Tafel slope of 92 mV dec−1 to achieve the 10 mA cm−2 current density, on the other hand, HF‐MXene achieves an overpotential of 444 mV and a Tafel slope of 311 mV dec−1. Furthermore, the electrocatalyst exhibited excellent long‐term stability of 0.7 V at 100 mA cm−2 current density for 36 hours. The synthesis methodology for greener Cl‐terminated MXene coupled with an outstanding electrocatalytic activity is set to open new avenues of catalyst design for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Energy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/er.7895
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 10942
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen evolution reactions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fused salts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrofluoric acid
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxygen evolution reactions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transmission electron microscopes
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: HF free greener Cl‐terminated MXene as novel electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline media.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Sarfraz, Bilal
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            NameFull: Mehran, Muhammad Taqi
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            NameFull: Baig, Mutawara Mahmood
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            NameFull: Naqvi, Salman Raza
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            NameFull: Khoja, Asif Hussain
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            NameFull: Shahzad, Faisal
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            – D: 25
              M: 06
              Text: 6/25/2022
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
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              Value: 0363907X
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              Value: 46
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              Value: 8
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Energy Research
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