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A contribution to MRI safety testing related to gradient‐induced heating of medical devices.

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Title: A contribution to MRI safety testing related to gradient‐induced heating of medical devices.
Authors: Arduino, Alessandro1 (AUTHOR) a.arduino@inrim.it, Bottauscio, Oriano1 (AUTHOR), Chiampi, Mario1 (AUTHOR), Zanovello, Umberto1 (AUTHOR), Zilberti, Luca1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Aug2022, Vol. 88 Issue 2, p930-944. 15p.
Subjects: Medical equipment, Magnetic resonance imaging, Orthopedic implants, Heating
Abstract: Purpose: To theoretically investigate the feasibility of a novel procedure for testing the MRI gradient‐induced heating of medical devices and translating the results into clinical practice. Methods: The concept of index of stress is introduced by decoupling the time waveform characteristics of the gradient field signals from the field spatial distribution within an MRI scanner. This index is also extended to consider the anisotropy of complex bulky metallic implants. Merits and drawbacks of the proposed index of stress are investigated through virtual experiments. In particular, the values of the index of stress evaluated for realistic orthopedic implants placed within an ASTM phantom are compared with accurate heating simulations performed with 2 anatomic body models (a man and a woman) implanted through a virtual surgery procedure. Results: The manipulation of the proposed index of stress allows to identify regions within the MRI bore where the implant could affect the safety of the examinations. Furthermore, the conducted analysis shows that the power dissipated into the implant by the induced eddy currents is a dosimetric quantity that estimates well the maximum temperature increase in the tissues surrounding the implant. Conclusion: The results support the adoption of an anisotropic index of stress to regulate the gradient‐induced heating of geometrically complex implants. They also pave the way for a laboratory characterization of the implants based on electrical measurements, rather than on thermal measurements. The next step will be to set up a standardized experimental procedure to evaluate the index of stress associated with an implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: A contribution to MRI safety testing related to gradient‐induced heating of medical devices.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arduino%2C+Alessandro%22">Arduino, Alessandro</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> a.arduino@inrim.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bottauscio%2C+Oriano%22">Bottauscio, Oriano</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chiampi%2C+Mario%22">Chiampi, Mario</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zanovello%2C+Umberto%22">Zanovello, Umberto</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zilberti%2C+Luca%22">Zilberti, Luca</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine%22">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</searchLink>. Aug2022, Vol. 88 Issue 2, p930-944. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Medical+equipment%22">Medical equipment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Orthopedic+implants%22">Orthopedic implants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heating%22">Heating</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: To theoretically investigate the feasibility of a novel procedure for testing the MRI gradient‐induced heating of medical devices and translating the results into clinical practice. Methods: The concept of index of stress is introduced by decoupling the time waveform characteristics of the gradient field signals from the field spatial distribution within an MRI scanner. This index is also extended to consider the anisotropy of complex bulky metallic implants. Merits and drawbacks of the proposed index of stress are investigated through virtual experiments. In particular, the values of the index of stress evaluated for realistic orthopedic implants placed within an ASTM phantom are compared with accurate heating simulations performed with 2 anatomic body models (a man and a woman) implanted through a virtual surgery procedure. Results: The manipulation of the proposed index of stress allows to identify regions within the MRI bore where the implant could affect the safety of the examinations. Furthermore, the conducted analysis shows that the power dissipated into the implant by the induced eddy currents is a dosimetric quantity that estimates well the maximum temperature increase in the tissues surrounding the implant. Conclusion: The results support the adoption of an anisotropic index of stress to regulate the gradient‐induced heating of geometrically complex implants. They also pave the way for a laboratory characterization of the implants based on electrical measurements, rather than on thermal measurements. The next step will be to set up a standardized experimental procedure to evaluate the index of stress associated with an implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mrm.29235
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic resonance imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Orthopedic implants
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      – SubjectFull: Heating
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              Text: Aug2022
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              Y: 2022
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