Improving sensitivity and connectivity of retinal vessel segmentation via error discrimination network.

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Title: Improving sensitivity and connectivity of retinal vessel segmentation via error discrimination network.
Authors: Lin, Guoye1 (AUTHOR), Bai, Hanhua1 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Jie1,2 (AUTHOR), Yun, Zhaoqiang1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Yangfan1 (AUTHOR), Pang, Shumao1 (AUTHOR), Feng, Qianjin1 (AUTHOR) fengqj99@smu.edu.cn
Source: Medical Physics. Jul2022, Vol. 49 Issue 7, p4494-4507. 14p.
Subjects: Retinal blood vessels, Receiver operating characteristic curves, Generative adversarial networks, Sampling errors
Abstract: Purpose: Automated retinal vessel segmentation is crucial to the early diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmological diseases. Many deep‐learning‐based methods have shown exceptional success in this task. However, current approaches are still inadequate in challenging vessels (e.g., thin vessels) and rarely focus on the connectivity of vessel segmentation. Methods: We propose using an error discrimination network (D) to distinguish whether the vessel pixel predictions of the segmentation network (S) are correct, and S is trained to obtain fewer error predictions of D. Our method is similar to, but not the same as, the generative adversarial network. Three types of vessel samples and corresponding error masks are used to train D, as follows: (1) vessel ground truth; (2) vessel segmented by S; (3) artificial thin vessel error samples that further improve the sensitivity of D to wrong small vessels. As an auxiliary loss function of S, D strengthens the supervision of difficult vessels. Optionally, we can use the errors predicted by D to correct the segmentation result of S. Results: Compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods, our method achieves the highest scores in sensitivity (86.19%, 86.26%, and 86.53%) and G‐Mean (91.94%, 91.30%, and 92.76%) on three public datasets, namely, STARE, DRIVE, and HRF. Our method also maintains a competitive level in other metrics. On the STARE dataset, the F1‐score and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of our method rank second and first, respectively, reaching 84.51% and 98.97%. The top scores of the three topology‐relevant metrics (Conn, Inf, and Cor) demonstrate that the vessels extracted by our method have excellent connectivity. We also validate the effectiveness of error discrimination supervision and artificial error sample training through ablation experiments. Conclusions: The proposed method provides an accurate and robust solution for difficult vessel segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Improving sensitivity and connectivity of retinal vessel segmentation via error discrimination network.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lin%2C+Guoye%22">Lin, Guoye</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bai%2C+Hanhua%22">Bai, Hanhua</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Jie%22">Zhao, Jie</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yun%2C+Zhaoqiang%22">Yun, Zhaoqiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yangfan%22">Chen, Yangfan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pang%2C+Shumao%22">Pang, Shumao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Feng%2C+Qianjin%22">Feng, Qianjin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fengqj99@smu.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Physics%22">Medical Physics</searchLink>. Jul2022, Vol. 49 Issue 7, p4494-4507. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Retinal+blood+vessels%22">Retinal blood vessels</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Receiver+operating+characteristic+curves%22">Receiver operating characteristic curves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Generative+adversarial+networks%22">Generative adversarial networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sampling+errors%22">Sampling errors</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Automated retinal vessel segmentation is crucial to the early diagnosis and treatment of ophthalmological diseases. Many deep‐learning‐based methods have shown exceptional success in this task. However, current approaches are still inadequate in challenging vessels (e.g., thin vessels) and rarely focus on the connectivity of vessel segmentation. Methods: We propose using an error discrimination network (D) to distinguish whether the vessel pixel predictions of the segmentation network (S) are correct, and S is trained to obtain fewer error predictions of D. Our method is similar to, but not the same as, the generative adversarial network. Three types of vessel samples and corresponding error masks are used to train D, as follows: (1) vessel ground truth; (2) vessel segmented by S; (3) artificial thin vessel error samples that further improve the sensitivity of D to wrong small vessels. As an auxiliary loss function of S, D strengthens the supervision of difficult vessels. Optionally, we can use the errors predicted by D to correct the segmentation result of S. Results: Compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods, our method achieves the highest scores in sensitivity (86.19%, 86.26%, and 86.53%) and G‐Mean (91.94%, 91.30%, and 92.76%) on three public datasets, namely, STARE, DRIVE, and HRF. Our method also maintains a competitive level in other metrics. On the STARE dataset, the F1‐score and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of our method rank second and first, respectively, reaching 84.51% and 98.97%. The top scores of the three topology‐relevant metrics (Conn, Inf, and Cor) demonstrate that the vessels extracted by our method have excellent connectivity. We also validate the effectiveness of error discrimination supervision and artificial error sample training through ablation experiments. Conclusions: The proposed method provides an accurate and robust solution for difficult vessel segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/mp.15627
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
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      – SubjectFull: Retinal blood vessels
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Receiver operating characteristic curves
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Generative adversarial networks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sampling errors
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Improving sensitivity and connectivity of retinal vessel segmentation via error discrimination network.
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            NameFull: Lin, Guoye
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            NameFull: Bai, Hanhua
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              M: 07
              Text: Jul2022
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
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