Influence of Alkali Treatment on the Mechanical, Thermal, Water Absorption, and Biodegradation Properties of Cymbopogan citratus Fiber-Reinforced, Thermoplastic Cassava Starch–Palm Wax Composites.
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| Title: | Influence of Alkali Treatment on the Mechanical, Thermal, Water Absorption, and Biodegradation Properties of Cymbopogan citratus Fiber-Reinforced, Thermoplastic Cassava Starch–Palm Wax Composites. |
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| Authors: | Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila1,2 (AUTHOR) zatilhafila@gmail.com, Jumaidin, Ridhwan3 (AUTHOR) ridhwan@utem.edu.my, Ilyas, Rushdan Ahmad4,5 (AUTHOR) ahmadilyas@utm.my, Selamat, Mohd Zulkefli1 (AUTHOR) zulkeflis@utem.edu.my, Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim6 (AUTHOR) ridhwan@utem.edu.my, Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi Md7 (AUTHOR) fahmiasyadi@unikl.edu.my |
| Source: | Polymers (20734360). Jul2022, Vol. 14 Issue 14, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 26p. |
| Subjects: | Thermoplastic composites, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Cassava, Glass transition temperature, Waxes, Differential scanning calorimetry |
| Abstract: | In this study, thermoplastic cassava starch–palm wax blends, reinforced with the treated Cymbopogan citratus fiber (TPCS/ PW/ CCF) were successfully developed. The TPCS were priorly modified with palm wax to enhance the properties of the matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of alkali treatments on the TPCS/PW/CCF biocomposite. The fiber was treated with different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (3%, 6%, and 9%) prior to the composite preparation via hot pressing. The obtained results revealed improved mechanical characteristics in the treated composites. The composites that underwent consecutive alkali treatments at 6% NaOH prior to the composite preparation had higher mechanical strengths, compared to the untreated fibers. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that adding treated fibers into the TPCS matrix improved the thermal stability of the samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated an improved fiber–matrix adhesion due to the surface modification. An increment in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites after undergoing NaOH treatment denoted an improved interfacial interaction in the treated samples. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the elimination of hemicellulose at wavelength 1717 cm−1, for the composites treated with 6% NaOH. The water absorption, solubility, and thickness swelling revealed a higher water resistance of the composites following the alkali treatment of the fiber. These findings validated that the alkaline treatment of CCF is able to improve the functionality of the Cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 158300839 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Influence of Alkali Treatment on the Mechanical, Thermal, Water Absorption, and Biodegradation Properties of Cymbopogan citratus Fiber-Reinforced, Thermoplastic Cassava Starch–Palm Wax Composites. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kamaruddin%2C+Zatil+Hafila%22">Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zatilhafila@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jumaidin%2C+Ridhwan%22">Jumaidin, Ridhwan</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ridhwan@utem.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ilyas%2C+Rushdan+Ahmad%22">Ilyas, Rushdan Ahmad</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ahmadilyas@utm.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Selamat%2C+Mohd+Zulkefli%22">Selamat, Mohd Zulkefli</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zulkeflis@utem.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alamjuri%2C+Roziela+Hanim%22">Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ridhwan@utem.edu.my</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yusof%2C+Fahmi+Asyadi+Md%22">Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi Md</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fahmiasyadi@unikl.edu.my</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Polymers+%2820734360%29%22">Polymers (20734360)</searchLink>. Jul2022, Vol. 14 Issue 14, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 26p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermoplastic+composites%22">Thermoplastic composites</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fourier+transform+infrared+spectroscopy%22">Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cassava%22">Cassava</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Glass+transition+temperature%22">Glass transition temperature</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waxes%22">Waxes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Differential+scanning+calorimetry%22">Differential scanning calorimetry</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In this study, thermoplastic cassava starch–palm wax blends, reinforced with the treated Cymbopogan citratus fiber (TPCS/ PW/ CCF) were successfully developed. The TPCS were priorly modified with palm wax to enhance the properties of the matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of alkali treatments on the TPCS/PW/CCF biocomposite. The fiber was treated with different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (3%, 6%, and 9%) prior to the composite preparation via hot pressing. The obtained results revealed improved mechanical characteristics in the treated composites. The composites that underwent consecutive alkali treatments at 6% NaOH prior to the composite preparation had higher mechanical strengths, compared to the untreated fibers. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that adding treated fibers into the TPCS matrix improved the thermal stability of the samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated an improved fiber–matrix adhesion due to the surface modification. An increment in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites after undergoing NaOH treatment denoted an improved interfacial interaction in the treated samples. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the elimination of hemicellulose at wavelength 1717 cm−1, for the composites treated with 6% NaOH. The water absorption, solubility, and thickness swelling revealed a higher water resistance of the composites following the alkali treatment of the fiber. These findings validated that the alkaline treatment of CCF is able to improve the functionality of the Cymbopogan citratus fiber-reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Polymers (20734360) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/polym14142769 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 26 StartPage: N.PAG Subjects: – SubjectFull: Thermoplastic composites Type: general – SubjectFull: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Type: general – SubjectFull: Cassava Type: general – SubjectFull: Glass transition temperature Type: general – SubjectFull: Waxes Type: general – SubjectFull: Differential scanning calorimetry Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Influence of Alkali Treatment on the Mechanical, Thermal, Water Absorption, and Biodegradation Properties of Cymbopogan citratus Fiber-Reinforced, Thermoplastic Cassava Starch–Palm Wax Composites. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kamaruddin, Zatil Hafila – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jumaidin, Ridhwan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ilyas, Rushdan Ahmad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Selamat, Mohd Zulkefli – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Alamjuri, Roziela Hanim – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yusof, Fahmi Asyadi Md IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 07 Text: Jul2022 Type: published Y: 2022 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734360 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 14 – Type: issue Value: 14 Titles: – TitleFull: Polymers (20734360) Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
