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Toluene addition to turbulent H2/natural gas flames in bluff-body burners.

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Title: Toluene addition to turbulent H2/natural gas flames in bluff-body burners.
Authors: Gee, Adam J.1 (AUTHOR) adam.gee@adelaide.edu.au, Yin, Yilong1 (AUTHOR), Foo, Kae Ken1 (AUTHOR), Chinnici, Alfonso1 (AUTHOR), Smith, Neil2 (AUTHOR), Medwell, Paul R.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Jul2022, Vol. 47 Issue 65, p27733-27746. 14p.
Subjects: Heat radiation & absorption, Soot, Toluene, Enthalpy, Heat flux, Flame, Natural gas, Hydrogen flames
Abstract: A key challenge in the transition towards using hydrogen as an alternative carbon-free fuel is the reduced thermal radiation due to the absence of soot. A novel solution to this may be doping with highly sooting bio-oils. This study investigates the efficacy of toluene as a prevapourised dopant in turbulent pure hydrogen and blended hydrogen/natural gas flames as a means of improving soot loading and radiant heat transfer. All flames are stabilised on bluff-body burners to emulate the recirculation component of many industrial combustors. Total heat flux and illuminance increase non-linearly with toluene concentration for fuel blends and bluff-body diameters. By reducing the bluff-body diameter from 64 mm to 50 mm, a 20/80 (vol%) H 2 /natural gas mixture produces a more radiative flame than a 10/90H 2 /natural gas mixture in the smaller bluff-body. Opposed-flow flame simulations of soot precursors indicate that as strain rate increases, although overall soot precursor concentration decreases, a 20 vol% hydrogen mixture will produce more soot than a 10 vol% mixture. This suggests the addition of hydrogen up to 20 vol% may be beneficial for soot production in high strain environments. [Display omitted] • Complete replacement of natural gas with H 2 causes an 80% reduction in heat flux. • Positive non-linear effect on heat flux and illuminance for toluene doped H 2 flame. • 2–3% toluene required for H 2 flame to exhibit equivalent illuminance to a natural gas. • 4% toluene required for H 2 flame to exhibit equivalent heat flux to natural gas. • H 2 addition beneficial to heat flux in high strain rate environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 158697641
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Toluene addition to turbulent H2/natural gas flames in bluff-body burners.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gee%2C+Adam+J%2E%22">Gee, Adam J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> adam.gee@adelaide.edu.au</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yin%2C+Yilong%22">Yin, Yilong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Foo%2C+Kae+Ken%22">Foo, Kae Ken</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chinnici%2C+Alfonso%22">Chinnici, Alfonso</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smith%2C+Neil%22">Smith, Neil</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Medwell%2C+Paul+R%2E%22">Medwell, Paul R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Hydrogen+Energy%22">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</searchLink>. Jul2022, Vol. 47 Issue 65, p27733-27746. 14p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+radiation+%26+absorption%22">Heat radiation & absorption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soot%22">Soot</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toluene%22">Toluene</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Enthalpy%22">Enthalpy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+flux%22">Heat flux</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flame%22">Flame</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Natural+gas%22">Natural gas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrogen+flames%22">Hydrogen flames</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: A key challenge in the transition towards using hydrogen as an alternative carbon-free fuel is the reduced thermal radiation due to the absence of soot. A novel solution to this may be doping with highly sooting bio-oils. This study investigates the efficacy of toluene as a prevapourised dopant in turbulent pure hydrogen and blended hydrogen/natural gas flames as a means of improving soot loading and radiant heat transfer. All flames are stabilised on bluff-body burners to emulate the recirculation component of many industrial combustors. Total heat flux and illuminance increase non-linearly with toluene concentration for fuel blends and bluff-body diameters. By reducing the bluff-body diameter from 64 mm to 50 mm, a 20/80 (vol%) H 2 /natural gas mixture produces a more radiative flame than a 10/90H 2 /natural gas mixture in the smaller bluff-body. Opposed-flow flame simulations of soot precursors indicate that as strain rate increases, although overall soot precursor concentration decreases, a 20 vol% hydrogen mixture will produce more soot than a 10 vol% mixture. This suggests the addition of hydrogen up to 20 vol% may be beneficial for soot production in high strain environments. [Display omitted] • Complete replacement of natural gas with H 2 causes an 80% reduction in heat flux. • Positive non-linear effect on heat flux and illuminance for toluene doped H 2 flame. • 2–3% toluene required for H 2 flame to exhibit equivalent illuminance to a natural gas. • 4% toluene required for H 2 flame to exhibit equivalent heat flux to natural gas. • H 2 addition beneficial to heat flux in high strain rate environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.154
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 27733
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Heat radiation & absorption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soot
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Toluene
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Enthalpy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat flux
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flame
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Natural gas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogen flames
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Toluene addition to turbulent H2/natural gas flames in bluff-body burners.
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            NameFull: Chinnici, Alfonso
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            – D: 30
              M: 07
              Text: Jul2022
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
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              Value: 47
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