Toluene addition to turbulent H2/natural gas flames in bluff-body burners.
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| Title: | Toluene addition to turbulent H2/natural gas flames in bluff-body burners. |
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| Authors: | Gee, Adam J.1 (AUTHOR) adam.gee@adelaide.edu.au, Yin, Yilong1 (AUTHOR), Foo, Kae Ken1 (AUTHOR), Chinnici, Alfonso1 (AUTHOR), Smith, Neil2 (AUTHOR), Medwell, Paul R.1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Jul2022, Vol. 47 Issue 65, p27733-27746. 14p. |
| Subjects: | Heat radiation & absorption, Soot, Toluene, Enthalpy, Heat flux, Flame, Natural gas, Hydrogen flames |
| Abstract: | A key challenge in the transition towards using hydrogen as an alternative carbon-free fuel is the reduced thermal radiation due to the absence of soot. A novel solution to this may be doping with highly sooting bio-oils. This study investigates the efficacy of toluene as a prevapourised dopant in turbulent pure hydrogen and blended hydrogen/natural gas flames as a means of improving soot loading and radiant heat transfer. All flames are stabilised on bluff-body burners to emulate the recirculation component of many industrial combustors. Total heat flux and illuminance increase non-linearly with toluene concentration for fuel blends and bluff-body diameters. By reducing the bluff-body diameter from 64 mm to 50 mm, a 20/80 (vol%) H 2 /natural gas mixture produces a more radiative flame than a 10/90H 2 /natural gas mixture in the smaller bluff-body. Opposed-flow flame simulations of soot precursors indicate that as strain rate increases, although overall soot precursor concentration decreases, a 20 vol% hydrogen mixture will produce more soot than a 10 vol% mixture. This suggests the addition of hydrogen up to 20 vol% may be beneficial for soot production in high strain environments. [Display omitted] • Complete replacement of natural gas with H 2 causes an 80% reduction in heat flux. • Positive non-linear effect on heat flux and illuminance for toluene doped H 2 flame. • 2–3% toluene required for H 2 flame to exhibit equivalent illuminance to a natural gas. • 4% toluene required for H 2 flame to exhibit equivalent heat flux to natural gas. • H 2 addition beneficial to heat flux in high strain rate environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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