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Carbonate pre-treatment of wood for transformative structural applications through densification.

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Title: Carbonate pre-treatment of wood for transformative structural applications through densification.
Authors: Wang, Jiajun1,2 (AUTHOR), Simson, Riley3 (AUTHOR), Gleisner, Roland3 (AUTHOR), Fishwild, Sara J.3 (AUTHOR), Begel, Marshall3 (AUTHOR), Zhu, J.Y.1,3 (AUTHOR) junyong.zhu@usda.gov
Source: Industrial Crops & Products. Nov2022:Part A, Vol. 188, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Wood, Sulfate waste liquor, Hemicellulose, Lignin structure, Chemical milling, Construction materials, Pulp mills, Sodium carbonate
Abstract: This study investigated carbonate pre-treatment of wood followed by densification for producing advanced wood structural materials. Poplar wood blocks of 100 mm long and 20 mm wide with thickness of 10 mm were treated with sodium carbonate with and without sulfide at different carbonate loadings at 150 ºC for 30 min. Carbonate effectively removed lignin and hemicelluloses which facilitated subsequent wood densification for improving wood mechanical properties. Comparing with wood pre-treatment using sodium hydroxide, carbonate pre-treatment improved wood yield but achieved similar level of wood mechanical strength. Considering sodium carbonate is the key ingredient of commercial pulping process liquors such as spent pulping liquor (black liquor) and green liquor (an aqueous solution of the dissolved inorganic smelt from the combustion of concentrated pulping spent liquor), the present study indicated that low cost, effective, and cleaner wood pre-treatment can be achieved using spent process liquors rather than fresh and expensive sodium hydroxide (white liquor). Laboratory black liquor was used to pretreat the same poplar wood blocks, the good wood mechanical properties of the treated wood after densification confirmed this hypothesis. The practical significance of the present study is the utilization the residue alkali in spent process liquors rather than fresh NaOH for wood pre-treatment to reduce environmental impact. Furthermore, the spent liquor after wood-pretreatment can be directly feed into commercial pulp mill chemical recovery system to reduce capital and operation cost. [Display omitted] • Carbonate wood pre-treatment for subsequent wood densification. • Carbonate is effective in delignification and dissolve hemicelluloses. • Pulping spent liquor and green liquor for wood pre-treatment for densification. • Carbonate and pulping liquor pre-treatment improved wood mechanical properties after densification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Industrial Crops & Products is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 159492325
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Carbonate pre-treatment of wood for transformative structural applications through densification.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Jiajun%22">Wang, Jiajun</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Simson%2C+Riley%22">Simson, Riley</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gleisner%2C+Roland%22">Gleisner, Roland</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fishwild%2C+Sara+J%2E%22">Fishwild, Sara J.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Begel%2C+Marshall%22">Begel, Marshall</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+J%2EY%2E%22">Zhu, J.Y.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> junyong.zhu@usda.gov</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Industrial+Crops+%26+Products%22">Industrial Crops & Products</searchLink>. Nov2022:Part A, Vol. 188, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wood%22">Wood</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sulfate+waste+liquor%22">Sulfate waste liquor</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hemicellulose%22">Hemicellulose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lignin+structure%22">Lignin structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+milling%22">Chemical milling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Construction+materials%22">Construction materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pulp+mills%22">Pulp mills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sodium+carbonate%22">Sodium carbonate</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigated carbonate pre-treatment of wood followed by densification for producing advanced wood structural materials. Poplar wood blocks of 100 mm long and 20 mm wide with thickness of 10 mm were treated with sodium carbonate with and without sulfide at different carbonate loadings at 150 ºC for 30 min. Carbonate effectively removed lignin and hemicelluloses which facilitated subsequent wood densification for improving wood mechanical properties. Comparing with wood pre-treatment using sodium hydroxide, carbonate pre-treatment improved wood yield but achieved similar level of wood mechanical strength. Considering sodium carbonate is the key ingredient of commercial pulping process liquors such as spent pulping liquor (black liquor) and green liquor (an aqueous solution of the dissolved inorganic smelt from the combustion of concentrated pulping spent liquor), the present study indicated that low cost, effective, and cleaner wood pre-treatment can be achieved using spent process liquors rather than fresh and expensive sodium hydroxide (white liquor). Laboratory black liquor was used to pretreat the same poplar wood blocks, the good wood mechanical properties of the treated wood after densification confirmed this hypothesis. The practical significance of the present study is the utilization the residue alkali in spent process liquors rather than fresh NaOH for wood pre-treatment to reduce environmental impact. Furthermore, the spent liquor after wood-pretreatment can be directly feed into commercial pulp mill chemical recovery system to reduce capital and operation cost. [Display omitted] • Carbonate wood pre-treatment for subsequent wood densification. • Carbonate is effective in delignification and dissolve hemicelluloses. • Pulping spent liquor and green liquor for wood pre-treatment for densification. • Carbonate and pulping liquor pre-treatment improved wood mechanical properties after densification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Industrial Crops & Products is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115645
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Wood
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sulfate waste liquor
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hemicellulose
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lignin structure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical milling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Construction materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pulp mills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sodium carbonate
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Carbonate pre-treatment of wood for transformative structural applications through densification.
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            – D: 20
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2022:Part A
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
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              Value: 188
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