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Mass testing and characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO.

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Title: Mass testing and characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO.
Authors: Abusleme, Angel1,2 (AUTHOR), Adam, Thomas3 (AUTHOR), Ahmad, Shakeel4 (AUTHOR), Ahmed, Rizwan4 (AUTHOR), Aiello, Sebastiano5 (AUTHOR), Akram, Muhammad4 (AUTHOR), Aleem, Abid4 (AUTHOR), Alexandros, Tsagkarakis6 (AUTHOR), An, Fengpeng7 (AUTHOR), An, Qi8 (AUTHOR), Andronico, Giuseppe5 (AUTHOR), Anfimov, Nikolay9 (AUTHOR), Antonelli, Vito10 (AUTHOR), Antoshkina, Tatiana9 (AUTHOR), Asavapibhop, Burin11 (AUTHOR), de André, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes3 (AUTHOR), Auguste, Didier12 (AUTHOR), Bai, Weidong13 (AUTHOR), Balashov, Nikita9 (AUTHOR), Baldini, Wander14 (AUTHOR)
Source: European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields. Dec2022, Vol. 82 Issue 12, p1-42. 42p.
Subjects: Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Neutrino mass, Night vision, Test systems, Photocathodes, Scintillators, Uniformity, Photonics
Abstract: Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20 kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3% at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Mass testing and characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abusleme%2C+Angel%22">Abusleme, Angel</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adam%2C+Thomas%22">Adam, Thomas</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmad%2C+Shakeel%22">Ahmad, Shakeel</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmed%2C+Rizwan%22">Ahmed, Rizwan</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aiello%2C+Sebastiano%22">Aiello, Sebastiano</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akram%2C+Muhammad%22">Akram, Muhammad</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aleem%2C+Abid%22">Aleem, Abid</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alexandros%2C+Tsagkarakis%22">Alexandros, Tsagkarakis</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22An%2C+Fengpeng%22">An, Fengpeng</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22An%2C+Qi%22">An, Qi</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andronico%2C+Giuseppe%22">Andronico, Giuseppe</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anfimov%2C+Nikolay%22">Anfimov, Nikolay</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Antonelli%2C+Vito%22">Antonelli, Vito</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Antoshkina%2C+Tatiana%22">Antoshkina, Tatiana</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Asavapibhop%2C+Burin%22">Asavapibhop, Burin</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+André%2C+João+Pedro+Athayde+Marcondes%22">de André, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Auguste%2C+Didier%22">Auguste, Didier</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bai%2C+Weidong%22">Bai, Weidong</searchLink><relatesTo>13</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balashov%2C+Nikita%22">Balashov, Nikita</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baldini%2C+Wander%22">Baldini, Wander</searchLink><relatesTo>14</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+C+--+Particles+%26+Fields%22">European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields</searchLink>. Dec2022, Vol. 82 Issue 12, p1-42. 42p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hamamatsu+Photonics+KK%22">Hamamatsu Photonics KK</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neutrino+mass%22">Neutrino mass</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Night+vision%22">Night vision</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+systems%22">Test systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photocathodes%22">Photocathodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scintillators%22">Scintillators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Uniformity%22">Uniformity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photonics%22">Photonics</searchLink>
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  Data: Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20 kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3% at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-11002-8
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      – SubjectFull: Neutrino mass
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      – SubjectFull: Photonics
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