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Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Biotic Ligand Models for Predicting Acute and Chronic Zinc Toxicity to Freshwater Organisms.

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Title: Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Biotic Ligand Models for Predicting Acute and Chronic Zinc Toxicity to Freshwater Organisms.
Authors: DeForest, David K.1 (AUTHOR) davidd@windwardenv.com, Ryan, Adam C.2 (AUTHOR), Tear, Lucinda M.1 (AUTHOR), Brix, Kevin V.3,4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. Feb2023, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p393-413. 21p.
Subjects: Freshwater organisms, Multiple comparisons (Statistics), Dissolved organic matter, Zinc, Water quality, Percentiles, Regression analysis
Abstract: Multiple linear regression (MLR) models for predicting zinc (Zn) toxicity to freshwater organisms were developed based on three toxicity‐modifying factors: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), hardness, and pH. Species‐specific, stepwise MLR models were developed to predict acute Zn toxicity to four invertebrates and two fish, and chronic toxicity to three invertebrates, a fish, and a green alga. Stepwise regression analyses found that hardness had the most consistent influence on Zn toxicity among species, whereas DOC and pH had a variable influence. Pooled acute and chronic MLR models were also developed, and a k‐fold cross‐validation was used to evaluate the fit and predictive ability of the pooled MLR models. The pooled MLR models and an updated Zn biotic ligand model (BLM) performed similarly based on (1) R2, (2) the percentage of effect concentration (ECx) predictions within a factor of 2.0 of observed ECx, and (3) residuals of observed/predicted ECx versus observed ECx, DOC, hardness, and pH. Although fit of the pooled models to species‐specific toxicity data differed among species, species‐specific differences were consistent between the BLM and MLR models. Consistency in the performance of the two models across species indicates that additional terms, beyond DOC, hardness, and pH, included in the BLM do not help explain the differences among species. The pooled acute and chronic MLR models and BLM both performed better than the US Environmental Protection Agency's existing hardness‐based model. We therefore conclude that both MLR models and the BLM provide an improvement over the existing hardness‐only models and that either could be used for deriving ambient water quality criteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:393–413. © 2022 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Biotic Ligand Models for Predicting Acute and Chronic Zinc Toxicity to Freshwater Organisms.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Toxicology+%26+Chemistry%22">Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry</searchLink>. Feb2023, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p393-413. 21p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Freshwater+organisms%22">Freshwater organisms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+comparisons+%28Statistics%29%22">Multiple comparisons (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dissolved+organic+matter%22">Dissolved organic matter</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zinc%22">Zinc</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+quality%22">Water quality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Percentiles%22">Percentiles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: Multiple linear regression (MLR) models for predicting zinc (Zn) toxicity to freshwater organisms were developed based on three toxicity‐modifying factors: dissolved organic carbon (DOC), hardness, and pH. Species‐specific, stepwise MLR models were developed to predict acute Zn toxicity to four invertebrates and two fish, and chronic toxicity to three invertebrates, a fish, and a green alga. Stepwise regression analyses found that hardness had the most consistent influence on Zn toxicity among species, whereas DOC and pH had a variable influence. Pooled acute and chronic MLR models were also developed, and a k‐fold cross‐validation was used to evaluate the fit and predictive ability of the pooled MLR models. The pooled MLR models and an updated Zn biotic ligand model (BLM) performed similarly based on (1) R2, (2) the percentage of effect concentration (ECx) predictions within a factor of 2.0 of observed ECx, and (3) residuals of observed/predicted ECx versus observed ECx, DOC, hardness, and pH. Although fit of the pooled models to species‐specific toxicity data differed among species, species‐specific differences were consistent between the BLM and MLR models. Consistency in the performance of the two models across species indicates that additional terms, beyond DOC, hardness, and pH, included in the BLM do not help explain the differences among species. The pooled acute and chronic MLR models and BLM both performed better than the US Environmental Protection Agency's existing hardness‐based model. We therefore conclude that both MLR models and the BLM provide an improvement over the existing hardness‐only models and that either could be used for deriving ambient water quality criteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:393–413. © 2022 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Freshwater organisms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple comparisons (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dissolved organic matter
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Zinc
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      – SubjectFull: Water quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Percentiles
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Biotic Ligand Models for Predicting Acute and Chronic Zinc Toxicity to Freshwater Organisms.
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              Text: Feb2023
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              Y: 2023
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