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Effect of super-absorbent polymer on swelling pressure of compacted bentonite infiltrated by alkaline solutions.

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Title: Effect of super-absorbent polymer on swelling pressure of compacted bentonite infiltrated by alkaline solutions.
Authors: Liu, Zhang-Rong1 (AUTHOR), Ye, Wei-Min1,2 (AUTHOR) ye_tju@tongji.edu.cn, Zhu, He-Hua1,2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Qiong1,2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Yong-Gui1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Applied Clay Science. Mar2023, Vol. 233, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Alkaline solutions, Superabsorbent polymers, Radioactive waste disposal, Bentonite, Methane hydrates, Deionization of water, Chemical resistance, Scanning electron microscopy
Abstract: The application of bentonite in geological disposal of radioactive waste is still under evaluation, especially concerning the decreased swelling pressure of pure bentonite exposed to alkaline groundwater. In this paper, in order to improve the chemical resistance of bentonite to alkaline solutions, super-absorbent polymer (SAP), a hydrophilic polymer with much higher swelling ability than that of bentonite, was dry-blended with Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite and compacted into blocks of different dry densities. Swelling pressure of the bentonite-SAP composites infiltrated with deionized water, NaOH and KOH alkaline solutions were tested, accompanied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) tests conducted on the selected specimens. Results showed that, for the specimens hydrated by deionized water, the swelling pressure increased with increasing SAP content, dry density and concentration of NaOH solutions. With increasing concentration of KOH solutions, however, the swelling pressure decreased obviously and tended to undergo a slow long-term degradation. Results of SEM, MIP and XRD indicate that the SAP hydrogels swell extensively to clog the inter-aggregate pores and coat the aggregates (for high density specimens) or montmorillonite stacks (for low density specimens), while do not insert into the interlayer spaces. The swelling pressure was therefore mainly contributed by the crystalline swelling of montmorillonite and the osmotic swelling of SAP. The SAP chains could be associated with the montmorillonite crystallites, protecting them from chemical attack and thus improving the chemical resistance of bentonite to alkaline solutions. • Swelling pressure increased with increasing SAP (super-absorbent polymer) content. • Increasing NaOH/KOH concentration increased and decreased the maximum swelling pressure, respectively. • NaOH/KOH induced long-term degradation trend of swelling pressure except for high-density specimens by NaOH. • SAP hydrogels swelled to clog the inter-aggregate pores and coat the aggregates or montmorillonite stacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied Clay Science is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effect of super-absorbent polymer on swelling pressure of compacted bentonite infiltrated by alkaline solutions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zhang-Rong%22">Liu, Zhang-Rong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ye%2C+Wei-Min%22">Ye, Wei-Min</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ye_tju@tongji.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+He-Hua%22">Zhu, He-Hua</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Qiong%22">Wang, Qiong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yong-Gui%22">Chen, Yong-Gui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alkaline+solutions%22">Alkaline solutions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Superabsorbent+polymers%22">Superabsorbent polymers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radioactive+waste+disposal%22">Radioactive waste disposal</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bentonite%22">Bentonite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Methane+hydrates%22">Methane hydrates</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deionization+of+water%22">Deionization of water</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+resistance%22">Chemical resistance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scanning+electron+microscopy%22">Scanning electron microscopy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The application of bentonite in geological disposal of radioactive waste is still under evaluation, especially concerning the decreased swelling pressure of pure bentonite exposed to alkaline groundwater. In this paper, in order to improve the chemical resistance of bentonite to alkaline solutions, super-absorbent polymer (SAP), a hydrophilic polymer with much higher swelling ability than that of bentonite, was dry-blended with Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite and compacted into blocks of different dry densities. Swelling pressure of the bentonite-SAP composites infiltrated with deionized water, NaOH and KOH alkaline solutions were tested, accompanied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) tests conducted on the selected specimens. Results showed that, for the specimens hydrated by deionized water, the swelling pressure increased with increasing SAP content, dry density and concentration of NaOH solutions. With increasing concentration of KOH solutions, however, the swelling pressure decreased obviously and tended to undergo a slow long-term degradation. Results of SEM, MIP and XRD indicate that the SAP hydrogels swell extensively to clog the inter-aggregate pores and coat the aggregates (for high density specimens) or montmorillonite stacks (for low density specimens), while do not insert into the interlayer spaces. The swelling pressure was therefore mainly contributed by the crystalline swelling of montmorillonite and the osmotic swelling of SAP. The SAP chains could be associated with the montmorillonite crystallites, protecting them from chemical attack and thus improving the chemical resistance of bentonite to alkaline solutions. • Swelling pressure increased with increasing SAP (super-absorbent polymer) content. • Increasing NaOH/KOH concentration increased and decreased the maximum swelling pressure, respectively. • NaOH/KOH induced long-term degradation trend of swelling pressure except for high-density specimens by NaOH. • SAP hydrogels swelled to clog the inter-aggregate pores and coat the aggregates or montmorillonite stacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Clay Science is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.clay.2023.106816
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Alkaline solutions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Superabsorbent polymers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radioactive waste disposal
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bentonite
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Methane hydrates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deionization of water
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chemical resistance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scanning electron microscopy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effect of super-absorbent polymer on swelling pressure of compacted bentonite infiltrated by alkaline solutions.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Liu, Zhang-Rong
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            NameFull: Ye, Wei-Min
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            NameFull: Zhu, He-Hua
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            NameFull: Wang, Qiong
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            NameFull: Chen, Yong-Gui
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2023
              Type: published
              Y: 2023
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              Value: 233
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            – TitleFull: Applied Clay Science
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