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X-ray Activated Nanoplatforms for Deep Tissue Photodynamic Therapy.

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Title: X-ray Activated Nanoplatforms for Deep Tissue Photodynamic Therapy.
Authors: Souris, Jeffrey S.1,2 (AUTHOR) sourisj@uchicago.edu, Leoni, Lara2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Hannah J.1,2 (AUTHOR), Pan, Ariel1,3 (AUTHOR), Tanios, Eve1 (AUTHOR), Tsai, Hsiu-Ming2 (AUTHOR), Balyasnikova, Irina V.4 (AUTHOR), Bissonnette, Marc5 (AUTHOR), Chen, Chin-Tu1,2 (AUTHOR) sourisj@uchicago.edu
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Feb2023, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p673. 30p.
Subjects: Photodynamic therapy, X-rays, Reactive oxygen species, Photon scattering, Tumor markers
Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the use of light to excite photosensitive molecules whose electronic relaxation drives the production of highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), has proven an effective means of oncotherapy. However, its application has been severely constrained to superficial tissues and those readily accessed either endoscopically or laparoscopically, due to the intrinsic scattering and absorption of photons by intervening tissues. Recent advances in the design of nanoparticle-based X-ray scintillators and photosensitizers have enabled hybridization of these moieties into single nanocomposite particles. These nanoplatforms, when irradiated with diagnostic doses and energies of X-rays, produce large quantities of ROS and permit, for the first time, non-invasive deep tissue PDT of tumors with few of the therapeutic limitations or side effects of conventional PDT. In this review we examine the underlying principles and evolution of PDT: from its initial and still dominant use of light-activated, small molecule photosensitizers that passively accumulate in tumors, to its latest development of X-ray-activated, scintillator–photosensitizer hybrid nanoplatforms that actively target cancer biomarkers. Challenges and potential remedies for the clinical translation of these hybrid nanoplatforms and X-ray PDT are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: X-ray Activated Nanoplatforms for Deep Tissue Photodynamic Therapy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Souris%2C+Jeffrey+S%2E%22">Souris, Jeffrey S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sourisj@uchicago.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leoni%2C+Lara%22">Leoni, Lara</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Hannah+J%2E%22">Zhang, Hannah J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pan%2C+Ariel%22">Pan, Ariel</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tanios%2C+Eve%22">Tanios, Eve</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tsai%2C+Hsiu-Ming%22">Tsai, Hsiu-Ming</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balyasnikova%2C+Irina+V%2E%22">Balyasnikova, Irina V.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bissonnette%2C+Marc%22">Bissonnette, Marc</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Chin-Tu%22">Chen, Chin-Tu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sourisj@uchicago.edu</i>
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  Data: Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the use of light to excite photosensitive molecules whose electronic relaxation drives the production of highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), has proven an effective means of oncotherapy. However, its application has been severely constrained to superficial tissues and those readily accessed either endoscopically or laparoscopically, due to the intrinsic scattering and absorption of photons by intervening tissues. Recent advances in the design of nanoparticle-based X-ray scintillators and photosensitizers have enabled hybridization of these moieties into single nanocomposite particles. These nanoplatforms, when irradiated with diagnostic doses and energies of X-rays, produce large quantities of ROS and permit, for the first time, non-invasive deep tissue PDT of tumors with few of the therapeutic limitations or side effects of conventional PDT. In this review we examine the underlying principles and evolution of PDT: from its initial and still dominant use of light-activated, small molecule photosensitizers that passively accumulate in tumors, to its latest development of X-ray-activated, scintillator–photosensitizer hybrid nanoplatforms that actively target cancer biomarkers. Challenges and potential remedies for the clinical translation of these hybrid nanoplatforms and X-ray PDT are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/nano13040673
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Photodynamic therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-rays
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reactive oxygen species
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      – SubjectFull: Photon scattering
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      – SubjectFull: Tumor markers
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      – TitleFull: X-ray Activated Nanoplatforms for Deep Tissue Photodynamic Therapy.
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              M: 02
              Text: Feb2023
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              Y: 2023
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