Effect of CO2-H2O-Smectite Interactions on Permeability of Clay-Rich Rocks Under CO2 Storage Conditions.
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| Title: | Effect of CO |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Zhang, M.1,2 (AUTHOR) zmcumtb@qq.com, Spiers, C. J.2 (AUTHOR), Hangx, S. J. T.2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering. May2023, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p3451-3474. 24p. |
| Subjects: | Cap rock, Rock permeability, Fault gouge, Fluid-film bearings, Fluid pressure, Smectite |
| Abstract: | CO2 uptake by smectites can cause swelling and self-stressing in shallow clay-rich caprocks under CO2 storage P–T and constrained conditions. However, little data exist to constrain the magnitude of the effects of CO2-H2O-smectite interactions on the sealing properties of clay-rich caprocks and faults. We performed permeability experiments on intact and fractured Opalinus Claystone (OPA) cores (~ 5% smectite), as well as on a simulated gouge-filled faults consisting of Na-SWy-1 montmorillonite, under radially constrained conditions simulating "open" transport pathways (dry and variably wet He or CO2; 10 MPa fluid pressure; 40 °C). Overall, the flow of dry CO2 through intact OPA samples and simulated smectite fault gouge caused a decrease in permeability by a factor of 4–9 or even by > 1 order, compared to dry He permeability. Subsequent to flow of dry and partially wet fluid, both fractured OPA and simulated gouge showed a permeability reduction of up to 3 orders of magnitude once flow-through with wet CO2 was performed. This permeability change appeared reversible upon re-establishing dry CO2 flow, suggesting fracture permeability was dominated by water uptake or loss from the smectite clay, with CO2-water-smectite interactions play a minor effect. Our results show that whether an increases or decreases in permeability of clayey caprock is expected with continuous flow of CO2-rich fluid depends on the initial water activity in the clay material versus the water activity in the CO2 bearing fluid. This has important implications for assessing the self-sealing potential of fractured and faulted clay-rich caprocks. Highlights: Permeability of potential clay-rich caprock (Opalinus Claystone) was systematically measured using variably wet CO2 versus He. Through-flow of dry CO2 caused a decrease in permeability of intact Opalinus Claystone and simulated smectite fault gouge by up to > 1 order, as composed to dry He. Fractured Opalinus Claystone and simulated gouge showed a permeability reduction of up to 3 orders of magnitude with through-flow of wet CO2. Permeability decrease by through-flow of variably wet CO2 appeared reversible upon re-establishing dry CO2 flow. The initial water activity in the clay material versus the water activity in the CO2 bearing fluid determines change in permeability upon CO2 flushing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 163387295 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effect of CO<subscript>2</subscript>-H<subscript>2</subscript>O-Smectite Interactions on Permeability of Clay-Rich Rocks Under CO<subscript>2</subscript> Storage Conditions. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+M%2E%22">Zhang, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zmcumtb@qq.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spiers%2C+C%2E+J%2E%22">Spiers, C. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hangx%2C+S%2E+J%2E+T%2E%22">Hangx, S. J. T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Rock+Mechanics+%26+Rock+Engineering%22">Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering</searchLink>. May2023, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p3451-3474. 24p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cap+rock%22">Cap rock</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rock+permeability%22">Rock permeability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fault+gouge%22">Fault gouge</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid-film+bearings%22">Fluid-film bearings</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+pressure%22">Fluid pressure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smectite%22">Smectite</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: CO2 uptake by smectites can cause swelling and self-stressing in shallow clay-rich caprocks under CO2 storage P–T and constrained conditions. However, little data exist to constrain the magnitude of the effects of CO2-H2O-smectite interactions on the sealing properties of clay-rich caprocks and faults. We performed permeability experiments on intact and fractured Opalinus Claystone (OPA) cores (~ 5% smectite), as well as on a simulated gouge-filled faults consisting of Na-SWy-1 montmorillonite, under radially constrained conditions simulating "open" transport pathways (dry and variably wet He or CO2; 10 MPa fluid pressure; 40 °C). Overall, the flow of dry CO2 through intact OPA samples and simulated smectite fault gouge caused a decrease in permeability by a factor of 4–9 or even by > 1 order, compared to dry He permeability. Subsequent to flow of dry and partially wet fluid, both fractured OPA and simulated gouge showed a permeability reduction of up to 3 orders of magnitude once flow-through with wet CO2 was performed. This permeability change appeared reversible upon re-establishing dry CO2 flow, suggesting fracture permeability was dominated by water uptake or loss from the smectite clay, with CO2-water-smectite interactions play a minor effect. Our results show that whether an increases or decreases in permeability of clayey caprock is expected with continuous flow of CO2-rich fluid depends on the initial water activity in the clay material versus the water activity in the CO2 bearing fluid. This has important implications for assessing the self-sealing potential of fractured and faulted clay-rich caprocks. Highlights: Permeability of potential clay-rich caprock (Opalinus Claystone) was systematically measured using variably wet CO2 versus He. Through-flow of dry CO2 caused a decrease in permeability of intact Opalinus Claystone and simulated smectite fault gouge by up to > 1 order, as composed to dry He. Fractured Opalinus Claystone and simulated gouge showed a permeability reduction of up to 3 orders of magnitude with through-flow of wet CO2. Permeability decrease by through-flow of variably wet CO2 appeared reversible upon re-establishing dry CO2 flow. The initial water activity in the clay material versus the water activity in the CO2 bearing fluid determines change in permeability upon CO2 flushing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00603-023-03259-6 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 24 StartPage: 3451 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Cap rock Type: general – SubjectFull: Rock permeability Type: general – SubjectFull: Fault gouge Type: general – SubjectFull: Fluid-film bearings Type: general – SubjectFull: Fluid pressure Type: general – SubjectFull: Smectite Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effect of CO2-H2O-Smectite Interactions on Permeability of Clay-Rich Rocks Under CO2 Storage Conditions. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang, M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Spiers, C. J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hangx, S. J. T. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: May2023 Type: published Y: 2023 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 07232632 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 56 – Type: issue Value: 5 Titles: – TitleFull: Rock Mechanics & Rock Engineering Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
