An energy-efficient CMOS interface circuit with maximum power point tracking and power management capabilities for self-powered sensor node applications using 50/60 Hz transmission line magnetic field harvesters.
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| Title: | An energy-efficient CMOS interface circuit with maximum power point tracking and power management capabilities for self-powered sensor node applications using 50/60 Hz transmission line magnetic field harvesters. |
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| Authors: | Noohi, Mohammad Sajad1 (AUTHOR), Habibi, Mehdi1 (AUTHOR) mhabibi@eng.ui.ac.ir |
| Source: | Electrical Engineering. Jun2023, Vol. 105 Issue 3, p1413-1430. 18p. |
| Subjects: | Maximum power point trackers, Interface circuits, Electric lines, Wireless sensor nodes, Successive approximation analog-to-digital converters, Magnetic fields, Energy harvesting, Impedance matching |
| Abstract: | In this paper, an interface circuit for far-distance energy harvesting from magnetic field of overhead lines is presented. Due to the specific conditions of this type of energy harvesting, such as low available power, low induced voltage in the energy harvester coil, and change of energy harvester impedance, a direct AC/DC switching converter should be used. A maximum power point tracking solution is also necessary to guarantee impedance matching at different operation points. Since the harvested power is in the range of a hundred micro-watts, the power usage of the control circuitry is of significant importance and conventional design approaches based on microcontrollers and FPGAs which require ADCs, DACs and digital signal processing cannot be applied here. The proposed processing circuitry presented in this paper uses three feedback loops to perform the harvesting and energy transfer control. Only low-power comparators and basic digital gates are used as signal-processing elements to limit the power dissipation of the designed control blocks. The impedance matching inner loop samples the H-bridge voltage drop to extract the output load current and perform PWM impedance matching while transferring a rectified current to the output capacitor. Another inner feedback loop is used at the output capacitor using two-level comparison to regulate the output voltage. For maximum power point tracking an outer feedback loop samples the output voltage transfer rate and using a 50 Hz reference generator, adjusts the parameters of the impedance matching circuit of the first inner loop. With the proposed approach, in addition to converting the AC input power to a DC voltage, the output load is regulated at a fixed potential and using the MPPT control loop, the maximum power available from the coil is delivered to the output with relatively low dissipation. The proposed circuit is evaluated using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology and operates as a self-powered circuit without an external power source. Based on the obtained results, the efficiency of the proposed circuit at 119 µW input power is about 92.4%, and the MPPT efficiency is about 95%, which is suitable for low-power applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Electrical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 163761807 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: An energy-efficient CMOS interface circuit with maximum power point tracking and power management capabilities for self-powered sensor node applications using 50/60 Hz transmission line magnetic field harvesters. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Noohi%2C+Mohammad+Sajad%22">Noohi, Mohammad Sajad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Habibi%2C+Mehdi%22">Habibi, Mehdi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mhabibi@eng.ui.ac.ir</i> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Electrical+Engineering%22">Electrical Engineering</searchLink>. Jun2023, Vol. 105 Issue 3, p1413-1430. 18p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maximum+power+point+trackers%22">Maximum power point trackers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interface+circuits%22">Interface circuits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+lines%22">Electric lines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wireless+sensor+nodes%22">Wireless sensor nodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Successive+approximation+analog-to-digital+converters%22">Successive approximation analog-to-digital converters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+fields%22">Magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Energy+harvesting%22">Energy harvesting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Impedance+matching%22">Impedance matching</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In this paper, an interface circuit for far-distance energy harvesting from magnetic field of overhead lines is presented. Due to the specific conditions of this type of energy harvesting, such as low available power, low induced voltage in the energy harvester coil, and change of energy harvester impedance, a direct AC/DC switching converter should be used. A maximum power point tracking solution is also necessary to guarantee impedance matching at different operation points. Since the harvested power is in the range of a hundred micro-watts, the power usage of the control circuitry is of significant importance and conventional design approaches based on microcontrollers and FPGAs which require ADCs, DACs and digital signal processing cannot be applied here. The proposed processing circuitry presented in this paper uses three feedback loops to perform the harvesting and energy transfer control. Only low-power comparators and basic digital gates are used as signal-processing elements to limit the power dissipation of the designed control blocks. The impedance matching inner loop samples the H-bridge voltage drop to extract the output load current and perform PWM impedance matching while transferring a rectified current to the output capacitor. Another inner feedback loop is used at the output capacitor using two-level comparison to regulate the output voltage. For maximum power point tracking an outer feedback loop samples the output voltage transfer rate and using a 50 Hz reference generator, adjusts the parameters of the impedance matching circuit of the first inner loop. With the proposed approach, in addition to converting the AC input power to a DC voltage, the output load is regulated at a fixed potential and using the MPPT control loop, the maximum power available from the coil is delivered to the output with relatively low dissipation. The proposed circuit is evaluated using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology and operates as a self-powered circuit without an external power source. Based on the obtained results, the efficiency of the proposed circuit at 119 µW input power is about 92.4%, and the MPPT efficiency is about 95%, which is suitable for low-power applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Electrical Engineering is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00202-023-01740-7 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 18 StartPage: 1413 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Maximum power point trackers Type: general – SubjectFull: Interface circuits Type: general – SubjectFull: Electric lines Type: general – SubjectFull: Wireless sensor nodes Type: general – SubjectFull: Successive approximation analog-to-digital converters Type: general – SubjectFull: Magnetic fields Type: general – SubjectFull: Energy harvesting Type: general – SubjectFull: Impedance matching Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: An energy-efficient CMOS interface circuit with maximum power point tracking and power management capabilities for self-powered sensor node applications using 50/60 Hz transmission line magnetic field harvesters. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Noohi, Mohammad Sajad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Habibi, Mehdi IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 06 Text: Jun2023 Type: published Y: 2023 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09487921 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 105 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Electrical Engineering Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
