Effects of Temperature and Advanced Cleaning Practices on the Removal of Select Organic Chemicals from Structural Firefighter Gear.
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| Title: | Effects of Temperature and Advanced Cleaning Practices on the Removal of Select Organic Chemicals from Structural Firefighter Gear. |
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| Authors: | Forester, Crystal D.1 (AUTHOR) ckf7@cdc.gov, Tarley, Jay1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Fire Technology. Jul2023, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p2127-2145. 19p. |
| Subjects: | National Fire Protection Association, Temperature effect, Organic compounds, Fire fighters, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Emergency medical services |
| Abstract: | There are approximately 1.2 million firefighters in the United States. In addition to fighting fires, they also participate in various tasks including emergency rescues, providing emergency medical care, driving, operating and maintaining fire vehicles and other apparatuses and continued training. During the course of their duties, firefighters are often exposed to carcinogenic chemicals that may accumulate on their turnout clothing. To determine if these chemicals can be removed and to measure the efficacy of current cleaning protocols, a study was developed to assess these protocols which call for a maximum water temperature of 105°F and no solvents. The results showed that volatile and small semi-volatile chemicals such as dimethyl phthalate and chlorinated phenols had cleaning efficiencies of 85% or greater. However, for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the cleaning efficiency was only 20% to 50%. To determine if it is possible to remove the more persistent PAHs, temperatures were increased to 125°F and 140°F, and a respective increase in cleaning efficiencies of the PAHs was seen. The protocols were then adapted to add a pre-soak cycle which, when combined with the increased temperatures, resulted in an increase of the PAH cleaning efficiency range from 50 to 80%, compound dependent. This work provides a starting point for discussions between the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and other standards organization and manufacturers to determine if increased temperatures and chemical soaks would be detrimental to gear as they are currently not advised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Fire Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 164609482 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Effects of Temperature and Advanced Cleaning Practices on the Removal of Select Organic Chemicals from Structural Firefighter Gear. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Forester%2C+Crystal+D%2E%22">Forester, Crystal D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ckf7@cdc.gov</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tarley%2C+Jay%22">Tarley, Jay</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Fire+Technology%22">Fire Technology</searchLink>. Jul2023, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p2127-2145. 19p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22National+Fire+Protection+Association%22">National Fire Protection Association</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature+effect%22">Temperature effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Organic+compounds%22">Organic compounds</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fire+fighters%22">Fire fighters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons%22">Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emergency+medical+services%22">Emergency medical services</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: There are approximately 1.2 million firefighters in the United States. In addition to fighting fires, they also participate in various tasks including emergency rescues, providing emergency medical care, driving, operating and maintaining fire vehicles and other apparatuses and continued training. During the course of their duties, firefighters are often exposed to carcinogenic chemicals that may accumulate on their turnout clothing. To determine if these chemicals can be removed and to measure the efficacy of current cleaning protocols, a study was developed to assess these protocols which call for a maximum water temperature of 105°F and no solvents. The results showed that volatile and small semi-volatile chemicals such as dimethyl phthalate and chlorinated phenols had cleaning efficiencies of 85% or greater. However, for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the cleaning efficiency was only 20% to 50%. To determine if it is possible to remove the more persistent PAHs, temperatures were increased to 125°F and 140°F, and a respective increase in cleaning efficiencies of the PAHs was seen. The protocols were then adapted to add a pre-soak cycle which, when combined with the increased temperatures, resulted in an increase of the PAH cleaning efficiency range from 50 to 80%, compound dependent. This work provides a starting point for discussions between the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and other standards organization and manufacturers to determine if increased temperatures and chemical soaks would be detrimental to gear as they are currently not advised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Fire Technology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=164609482 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s10694-023-01421-8 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 19 StartPage: 2127 Subjects: – SubjectFull: National Fire Protection Association Type: general – SubjectFull: Temperature effect Type: general – SubjectFull: Organic compounds Type: general – SubjectFull: Fire fighters Type: general – SubjectFull: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Type: general – SubjectFull: Emergency medical services Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Effects of Temperature and Advanced Cleaning Practices on the Removal of Select Organic Chemicals from Structural Firefighter Gear. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Forester, Crystal D. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tarley, Jay IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul2023 Type: published Y: 2023 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00152684 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 59 – Type: issue Value: 4 Titles: – TitleFull: Fire Technology Type: main |
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