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Reproduction of a conventional anthropomorphic female chest phantom by 3D‐printing: Comparison of image contrasts and absorbed doses in CT.

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Title: Reproduction of a conventional anthropomorphic female chest phantom by 3D‐printing: Comparison of image contrasts and absorbed doses in CT.
Authors: Kunert, Patrizia1 (AUTHOR) pkunert@bfs.de, Schlattl, Helmut1 (AUTHOR), Trinkl, Sebastian1 (AUTHOR), Giussani, Augusto1 (AUTHOR), Klein, Lea2 (AUTHOR), Janich, Martin2 (AUTHOR), Reichert, Detlef3 (AUTHOR), Brix, Gunnar1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Medical Physics. Aug2023, Vol. 50 Issue 8, p4734-4743. 10p.
Subjects: Absorbed dose, Breast, Lungs, Computed tomography, Human body, Chest examination, Radiation exposure
Abstract: Background: The production of individualized anthropomorphic phantoms via three‐dimensional (3D) printing methods offers promising possibilities to assess and optimize radiation exposures for specifically relevant patient groups (i.e., overweighed or pregnant persons) that are not adequately represented by standardized anthropomorphic phantoms. However, the equivalence of printed phantoms must be demonstrated exemplarily with respect to the resulting image contrasts and dose distributions. Purpose: To reproduce a conventionally produced anthropomorphic phantom of a female chest and breasts and to evaluate their equivalence with respect to image contrasts and absorbed doses at the example of a computed tomography (CT) examination of the chest. Methods: In a first step, the effect of different print settings on the CT values of printed samples was systematically investigated. Subsequently, a transversal slice and breast add‐ons of a conventionally produced female body phantom were reproduced using a multi‐material extrusion‐based printer, considering six different types of tissues (muscle, lung, adipose, and glandular breast tissue, as well as bone and cartilage). CT images of the printed and conventionally produced phantom parts were evaluated with respect to their geometric correspondence, image contrasts, and absorbed doses measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters. Results: CT values of printed objects are highly sensitive to the selected print settings. The soft tissues of the conventionally produced phantom could be reproduced with a good agreement. Minor differences in CT values were observed for bone and lung tissue, whereas absorbed doses to the relevant tissues were identical within the measurement uncertainties. Conclusion: 3D‐printed phantoms are with exception of minor contrast differences equivalent to their conventionally manufactured counterparts. When comparing the two production techniques, it is important to note that conventionally manufactured phantoms should not be considered as absolute benchmarks, as they also only approximate the human body in terms of its absorption, and attenuation of x‐rays as well as its geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Reproduction of a conventional anthropomorphic female chest phantom by 3D‐printing: Comparison of image contrasts and absorbed doses in CT.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kunert%2C+Patrizia%22">Kunert, Patrizia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pkunert@bfs.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schlattl%2C+Helmut%22">Schlattl, Helmut</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trinkl%2C+Sebastian%22">Trinkl, Sebastian</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giussani%2C+Augusto%22">Giussani, Augusto</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Klein%2C+Lea%22">Klein, Lea</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Janich%2C+Martin%22">Janich, Martin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reichert%2C+Detlef%22">Reichert, Detlef</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brix%2C+Gunnar%22">Brix, Gunnar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Medical+Physics%22">Medical Physics</searchLink>. Aug2023, Vol. 50 Issue 8, p4734-4743. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Absorbed+dose%22">Absorbed dose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Breast%22">Breast</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lungs%22">Lungs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computed+tomography%22">Computed tomography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+body%22">Human body</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chest+examination%22">Chest examination</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation+exposure%22">Radiation exposure</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: The production of individualized anthropomorphic phantoms via three‐dimensional (3D) printing methods offers promising possibilities to assess and optimize radiation exposures for specifically relevant patient groups (i.e., overweighed or pregnant persons) that are not adequately represented by standardized anthropomorphic phantoms. However, the equivalence of printed phantoms must be demonstrated exemplarily with respect to the resulting image contrasts and dose distributions. Purpose: To reproduce a conventionally produced anthropomorphic phantom of a female chest and breasts and to evaluate their equivalence with respect to image contrasts and absorbed doses at the example of a computed tomography (CT) examination of the chest. Methods: In a first step, the effect of different print settings on the CT values of printed samples was systematically investigated. Subsequently, a transversal slice and breast add‐ons of a conventionally produced female body phantom were reproduced using a multi‐material extrusion‐based printer, considering six different types of tissues (muscle, lung, adipose, and glandular breast tissue, as well as bone and cartilage). CT images of the printed and conventionally produced phantom parts were evaluated with respect to their geometric correspondence, image contrasts, and absorbed doses measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters. Results: CT values of printed objects are highly sensitive to the selected print settings. The soft tissues of the conventionally produced phantom could be reproduced with a good agreement. Minor differences in CT values were observed for bone and lung tissue, whereas absorbed doses to the relevant tissues were identical within the measurement uncertainties. Conclusion: 3D‐printed phantoms are with exception of minor contrast differences equivalent to their conventionally manufactured counterparts. When comparing the two production techniques, it is important to note that conventionally manufactured phantoms should not be considered as absolute benchmarks, as they also only approximate the human body in terms of its absorption, and attenuation of x‐rays as well as its geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Medical Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Breast
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lungs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computed tomography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Human body
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      – SubjectFull: Chest examination
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      – SubjectFull: Radiation exposure
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      – TitleFull: Reproduction of a conventional anthropomorphic female chest phantom by 3D‐printing: Comparison of image contrasts and absorbed doses in CT.
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              M: 08
              Text: Aug2023
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              Y: 2023
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