The impact of water table fluctuation and salinity on LNAPL distribution and geochemical properties in the smear zone under completely anaerobic conditions.
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| Title: | The impact of water table fluctuation and salinity on LNAPL distribution and geochemical properties in the smear zone under completely anaerobic conditions. |
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| Authors: | Ismail, Reem Elfatih1 (AUTHOR), Al-Raoush, Riyadh I.1 (AUTHOR) riyadh@qu.edu.qa, Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.2 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Environmental Earth Sciences. Aug2023, Vol. 82 Issue 15, p1-18. 18p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Nonaqueous phase liquids, Solid-phase analysis, Soil salinity, Groundwater flow, Electron donors, Salinity |
| Abstract: | Climate and groundwater are always in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Subsurface systems contaminated by light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) present a challenge to understand the overall impact of water table dynamics, due to various interacting mechanisms, including volatilization, and LNAPL mobilization/dissolution along the groundwater flow direction and oscillating redox conditions. We investigated the impact of water table fluctuations on LNAPL natural attenuation and soil geochemical characteristics in semi-arid coastal areas under saline conditions. Four soil columns operated for 151 days under anoxic conditions where a layer of benzene and toluene were subjected to a stable and fluctuating water table associated with low and high salinity conditions. The bottom of stable and fluctuating columns reached an anaerobic state after 40 days, while the middle of stable column took 60 days. pH values of the fluctuating columns covered a wide range, and at the end shifted towards alkaline conditions, unlike the stable columns. In fluctuating columns, pore water sulfate decreased in the middle, but in stable columns, it decreased in the first 40 days, which suggested that sulfate was the primary electron donor and sulfate-reducing bacteria were present. At the source zone, benzene and toluene reached their maximum concentration after 30 and 10 days for the stable and the fluctuating columns, respectively. Significant decrease in benzene and toluene concentrations occurred under the fluctuating water table. Salinity did not affect benzene and toluene concentrations in the aqueous phase, although water table fluctuations have the most effect. Soil solid-phase analysis shows fluctuating columns have less toluene than stable columns. Solid-phase analysis showed the fluctuating columns have less benzene and toluene concentrations as compared to the stable columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Environmental Earth Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 171345908 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The impact of water table fluctuation and salinity on LNAPL distribution and geochemical properties in the smear zone under completely anaerobic conditions. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ismail%2C+Reem+Elfatih%22">Ismail, Reem Elfatih</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Al-Raoush%2C+Riyadh+I%2E%22">Al-Raoush, Riyadh I.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> riyadh@qu.edu.qa</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alazaiza%2C+Motasem+Y%2E+D%2E%22">Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Earth+Sciences%22">Environmental Earth Sciences</searchLink>. Aug2023, Vol. 82 Issue 15, p1-18. 18p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonaqueous+phase+liquids%22">Nonaqueous phase liquids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solid-phase+analysis%22">Solid-phase analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+salinity%22">Soil salinity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Groundwater+flow%22">Groundwater flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+donors%22">Electron donors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Salinity%22">Salinity</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Climate and groundwater are always in a state of dynamic equilibrium. Subsurface systems contaminated by light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) present a challenge to understand the overall impact of water table dynamics, due to various interacting mechanisms, including volatilization, and LNAPL mobilization/dissolution along the groundwater flow direction and oscillating redox conditions. We investigated the impact of water table fluctuations on LNAPL natural attenuation and soil geochemical characteristics in semi-arid coastal areas under saline conditions. Four soil columns operated for 151 days under anoxic conditions where a layer of benzene and toluene were subjected to a stable and fluctuating water table associated with low and high salinity conditions. The bottom of stable and fluctuating columns reached an anaerobic state after 40 days, while the middle of stable column took 60 days. pH values of the fluctuating columns covered a wide range, and at the end shifted towards alkaline conditions, unlike the stable columns. In fluctuating columns, pore water sulfate decreased in the middle, but in stable columns, it decreased in the first 40 days, which suggested that sulfate was the primary electron donor and sulfate-reducing bacteria were present. At the source zone, benzene and toluene reached their maximum concentration after 30 and 10 days for the stable and the fluctuating columns, respectively. Significant decrease in benzene and toluene concentrations occurred under the fluctuating water table. Salinity did not affect benzene and toluene concentrations in the aqueous phase, although water table fluctuations have the most effect. Soil solid-phase analysis shows fluctuating columns have less toluene than stable columns. Solid-phase analysis showed the fluctuating columns have less benzene and toluene concentrations as compared to the stable columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Earth Sciences is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s12665-023-11051-6 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 18 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Nonaqueous phase liquids Type: general – SubjectFull: Solid-phase analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Soil salinity Type: general – SubjectFull: Groundwater flow Type: general – SubjectFull: Electron donors Type: general – SubjectFull: Salinity Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: The impact of water table fluctuation and salinity on LNAPL distribution and geochemical properties in the smear zone under completely anaerobic conditions. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ismail, Reem Elfatih – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Al-Raoush, Riyadh I. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Text: Aug2023 Type: published Y: 2023 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 18666280 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 82 – Type: issue Value: 15 Titles: – TitleFull: Environmental Earth Sciences Type: main |
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